From 3bd81097e15e173d140548a93728319a9802809e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2026 04:12:49 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] chore(license): an SPDX header on every source file that had
 none (LicenseRef-Starship-1.0) [skip ci]

The header scan (Captain Bob, 2026-11-10): 788 source files -- 351 with the
SL-1.0 header, 12 with the old name (docs/working/experiments, kept by
ruling), 31 under someone else's licence (tools/kconfig, Linux's, GPL-2.0:
kept), and 394 with none. Ruled: the SPDX form; capsules (.4th, .f18) and
proofs (.thy) left for a ruling of their own (mkcapsule's 64x16 block format,
content-addressed capsules).

253 files now begin
    SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
    Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
as a /* */ block (C, headers, assembly, linker scripts) or # lines (scripts,
Makefiles, Kconfig; below a shebang or a coding line); tools/mkcapsule.c,
which had the copyright line, gets the SPDX line only.

Not touched: docs/working/ (archive and old campaign material, as the
ruling kept the experiments); v4/system/post_cases.c (generated by
v4/tools/mkpost.py, "do not edit" -- the generator has the header).

Comments only: the kernel builds on amd64, aarch64, riscv64; make -C v4
test-32: 39 programs, 0 failures; every changed script parses.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GE3SDvQn5EoxdGufk84zz2
---
 Kconfig                                                        | 2 ++
 Kconfig.arch                                                   | 2 ++
 Kconfig.heartbeat                                              | 2 ++
 Kconfig.kernel                                                 | 2 ++
 Kconfig.physics                                                | 2 ++
 Kconfig.variant                                                | 2 ++
 Makefile                                                       | 2 ++
 boards/milkv/board.mk                                          | 2 ++
 boards/pc/board.mk                                             | 2 ++
 boards/raspi/board.mk                                          | 2 ++
 boards/zynq7020/board.mk                                       | 2 ++
 ci/pki/make-ca.sh                                              | 2 ++
 demo/build-iso.sh                                              | 2 ++
 demo/console.py                                                | 2 ++
 demo/make-snapshot.sh                                          | 2 ++
 demo/mint-zuse.sh                                              | 2 ++
 demo/qemu-args.sh                                              | 2 ++
 demo/start-session.sh                                          | 2 ++
 docs/book/Makefile                                             | 2 ++
 docs/formal/Makefile                                           | 2 ++
 docs/formal/fix-doxygen-unicode.py                             | 2 ++
 docs/patent/Makefile                                           | 2 ++
 experiments/artemis_stress/analysis/analyse_artemis_stress.R   | 2 ++
 experiments/artemis_stress/analysis/svg_to_pdf.py              | 2 ++
 experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_acl_rwt.R              | 2 ++
 experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_bare_metal.R           | 2 ++
 experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_multirep.R             | 2 ++
 experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_stadium_relaunch.R     | 2 ++
 .../bare_metal/analysis/analyse_stadium_relaunch_fixed.R       | 2 ++
 experiments/bare_metal/analysis/generate_stadium_deepdive.R    | 2 ++
 experiments/bare_metal/analysis/svg_to_pdf.py                  | 2 ++
 experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/analysis.R             | 2 ++
 experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/combine.py             | 2 ++
 experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/correlate_doe.py       | 2 ++
 experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/analysis.R               | 2 ++
 experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/combine.py               | 2 ++
 experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/correlate_doe.py         | 2 ++
 kernel/Makefile                                                | 2 ++
 kernel/include/starkernel/blkio_usb.h                          | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/boot_info_offsets.h                  | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/capsule_blocks.h                     | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/capsule_sig.h                        | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/cmdline.h                            | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/ed25519.h                            | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/fe25519.h                            | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/assert.h                | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/ctype.h                 | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/errno.h                 | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/inttypes.h              | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/math.h                  | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sched.h                 | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/signal.h                | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/stdio.h                 | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/stdlib.h                | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/string.h                | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sys/time.h              | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sys/types.h             | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/time.h                  | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/gpt.h                                | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/kbd_input.h                          | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/kernel_args.h                        | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/pci.h                                | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/pie_hidden.h                         | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/rng.h                                | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/scalar25519.h                        | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/sha512.h                             | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/user_identity_seed.h                 | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4.h                           | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_grow.h                      | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_identity.h                  | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_marker.h                    | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_mint.h                      | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_blk.h                         | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_input.h                       | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_rng.h                         | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/x509_ed25519.h                       | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/xhci.h                               | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/xhci_driver.h                        | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/zuse_cert_devblock.h                 | 3 +++
 kernel/include/starkernel/zuse_genesis_marker.h                | 3 +++
 kernel/linker/starkernel-amd64.ld                              | 3 +++
 kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-aarch64.ld                     | 3 +++
 kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-amd64.ld                       | 3 +++
 kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-riscv64.ld                     | 3 +++
 kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-aarch64-pe.ld                  | 3 +++
 kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-aarch64.ld                     | 3 +++
 kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-amd64-pe.ld                    | 3 +++
 kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-amd64.ld                       | 3 +++
 kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-riscv64.ld                     | 3 +++
 kernel/linker/starkernel-native-rpi5.ld                        | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/aarch64/boot.S                                 | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/aarch64/isr.S                                  | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/aarch64/native_rpi5_entry.S                    | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/aarch64/switch.S                               | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/amd64/boot.S                                   | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/amd64/isr.S                                    | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/amd64/kernel_entry.S                           | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/amd64/switch.S                                 | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/riscv64/boot.S                                 | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/riscv64/isr.S                                  | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/riscv64/kernel_entry.S                         | 3 +++
 kernel/src/arch/riscv64/switch.S                               | 3 +++
 kernel/src/boot/cmdline.c                                      | 3 +++
 kernel/src/boot/reloc.S                                        | 3 +++
 kernel/src/capsule/capsule_blocks.c                            | 3 +++
 kernel/src/capsule/capsule_sig.c                               | 3 +++
 kernel/src/crypto/ed25519.c                                    | 3 +++
 kernel/src/crypto/fe25519.c                                    | 3 +++
 kernel/src/crypto/scalar25519.c                                | 3 +++
 kernel/src/crypto/sha512.c                                     | 3 +++
 kernel/src/crypto/x509_ed25519.c                               | 3 +++
 kernel/src/gpt.c                                               | 3 +++
 kernel/src/hal/kbd_input.c                                     | 3 +++
 kernel/src/pci/pci.c                                           | 3 +++
 kernel/src/rng/rng.c                                           | 3 +++
 kernel/src/usb/blkio_usb.c                                     | 3 +++
 kernel/src/usb/xhci.c                                          | 3 +++
 kernel/src/v4/sk_v4.c                                          | 3 +++
 kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_grow.c                                     | 3 +++
 kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_identity.c                                 | 3 +++
 kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_marker.c                                   | 3 +++
 kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_mint.c                                     | 3 +++
 kernel/src/virtio/virtio_blk.c                                 | 3 +++
 kernel/src/virtio/virtio_input.c                               | 3 +++
 kernel/src/virtio/virtio_rng.c                                 | 3 +++
 kernel/src/vm/q48_stubs.c                                      | 3 +++
 mk/Kconfig.mk                                                  | 2 ++
 mk/boards.mk                                                   | 2 ++
 scripts/analyze_heartbeat_stability.R                          | 2 ++
 scripts/bleach_zuse_img.sh                                     | 2 ++
 scripts/check_images.sh                                        | 2 ++
 scripts/extract_doe.sh                                         | 2 ++
 scripts/gen_pe_reloc.py                                        | 2 ++
 scripts/mkdiskimage.sh                                         | 2 ++
 scripts/nightly.sh                                             | 2 ++
 scripts/qemu_screenshot.sh                                     | 2 ++
 scripts/qemu_session.py                                        | 2 ++
 scripts/write_stick.sh                                         | 2 ++
 site/brand/install.sh                                          | 2 ++
 site/colorlock.py                                              | 2 ++
 site/com/build.py                                              | 2 ++
 site/com/install.sh                                            | 2 ++
 site/org/build.py                                              | 2 ++
 site/org/inquiries/install.sh                                  | 2 ++
 site/org/install.sh                                            | 2 ++
 tools/fdt_uart_test.c                                          | 3 +++
 tools/hermes_channel_smoke.sh                                  | 2 ++
 tools/hermes_smoke.sh                                          | 2 ++
 tools/hermes_tripod_smoke.sh                                   | 2 ++
 tools/kconfig/Makefile                                         | 2 ++
 tools/mkartemis.c                                              | 3 +++
 tools/mkcapsule.c                                              | 1 +
 tools/pe_reloc_gen.py                                          | 2 ++
 tools/pkcs8_ed25519.c                                          | 3 +++
 tools/pkcs8_ed25519.h                                          | 3 +++
 tools/svg_to_png.py                                            | 2 ++
 v3/Makefile                                                    | 2 ++
 v3/src/word_source/include/acl_words.h                         | 3 +++
 v4/Makefile                                                    | 2 ++
 v4/include/v4/asm.h                                            | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/blocks.h                                         | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/boot.h                                           | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/capsule.h                                        | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/cell.h                                           | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/exec.h                                           | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/fabric.h                                         | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/guard.h                                          | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/heat.h                                           | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/image.h                                          | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/iword.h                                          | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/manage.h                                         | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/message.h                                        | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/node.h                                           | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/opcode.h                                         | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/post.h                                           | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/rom_entries.h                                    | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/rom_errors.h                                     | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/stack.h                                          | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/sys_files.h                                      | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/testcode.h                                       | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/text.h                                           | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/umul.h                                           | 3 +++
 v4/include/v4/wire.h                                           | 3 +++
 v4/src/asm.c                                                   | 3 +++
 v4/src/capsule.c                                               | 3 +++
 v4/src/exec.c                                                  | 3 +++
 v4/src/fabric.c                                                | 3 +++
 v4/src/guard.c                                                 | 3 +++
 v4/src/heat.c                                                  | 3 +++
 v4/src/image.c                                                 | 3 +++
 v4/src/iword.c                                                 | 3 +++
 v4/src/manage.c                                                | 3 +++
 v4/src/message.c                                               | 3 +++
 v4/src/node.c                                                  | 3 +++
 v4/src/stack.c                                                 | 3 +++
 v4/src/testcode.c                                              | 3 +++
 v4/src/text.c                                                  | 3 +++
 v4/src/umul.c                                                  | 3 +++
 v4/src/wire.c                                                  | 3 +++
 v4/system/blocks.c                                             | 3 +++
 v4/system/boot.c                                               | 3 +++
 v4/system/post.c                                               | 3 +++
 v4/tests/host_map.h                                            | 3 +++
 v4/tests/post_cases_fail.c                                     | 3 +++
 v4/tests/rom_asm_cases.h                                       | 3 +++
 v4/tests/rom_harness.h                                         | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_asm.c                                            | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_cells.c                                          | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_console.c                                        | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_exec.c                                           | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_fabric.c                                         | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_foundation.c                                     | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_guard.c                                          | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_heat.c                                           | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_blocks.c                                    | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_codegen.c                                   | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_compile.c                                   | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_depth.c                                     | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_dict.c                                      | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_input.c                                     | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_mesh.c                                      | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_node.c                                      | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_quit.c                                      | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_rom_asm.c                                   | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_rom_in.c                                    | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_rom_math.c                                  | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_rom_nucleus.c                               | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_rom_num.c                                   | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_rom_pack.c                                  | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_rom_range.c                                 | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_rom_sym.c                                   | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_host_unit.c                                      | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_iword.c                                          | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_loops.c                                          | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_manage.c                                         | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_node.c                                           | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_numout.c                                         | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_pictured.c                                       | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_port.c                                           | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_printing.c                                       | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_stack.c                                          | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_strings.c                                        | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_terminal.c                                       | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_text.c                                           | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_umul.c                                           | 3 +++
 v4/tests/test_wire.c                                           | 3 +++
 v4/tools/depthsweep.py                                         | 2 ++
 v4/tools/hosted.c                                              | 3 +++
 v4/tools/mkmap.c                                               | 3 +++
 v4/tools/mkpost.py                                             | 2 ++
 v4/tools/mkrom.c                                               | 3 +++
 v4/tools/post79_rules.py                                       | 2 ++
 252 files changed, 686 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Kconfig b/Kconfig
index 40c26af9..b6d75de1 100644
--- a/Kconfig
+++ b/Kconfig
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 mainmenu "StarForth Configuration"
 
 source "Kconfig.arch"
diff --git a/Kconfig.arch b/Kconfig.arch
index 21e5bdc0..99cf49c8 100644
--- a/Kconfig.arch
+++ b/Kconfig.arch
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 menu "Target architecture"
 
 choice
diff --git a/Kconfig.heartbeat b/Kconfig.heartbeat
index c0880d72..b96fbe3c 100644
--- a/Kconfig.heartbeat
+++ b/Kconfig.heartbeat
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 menu "Heartbeat / adaptive tick coordinator"
 
 config HEARTBEAT_THREAD_ENABLED
diff --git a/Kconfig.kernel b/Kconfig.kernel
index 066b3a95..31401ef8 100644
--- a/Kconfig.kernel
+++ b/Kconfig.kernel
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 menu "Kernel-only options"
 
 if STARFORTH_VARIANT_KERNEL
diff --git a/Kconfig.physics b/Kconfig.physics
index d6fd83e7..d87ef96e 100644
--- a/Kconfig.physics
+++ b/Kconfig.physics
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 menu "Physics engine tuning"
 
 config STRICT_PTR
diff --git a/Kconfig.variant b/Kconfig.variant
index 1de63da0..18559bc8 100644
--- a/Kconfig.variant
+++ b/Kconfig.variant
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 menu "Build variant"
 
 choice
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 5cab3b9a..c4754628 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # ==============================================================================
 # LithosAnanke / StarForth -- top-level Makefile
 #
diff --git a/boards/milkv/board.mk b/boards/milkv/board.mk
index 64ed1490..2fc9a85f 100644
--- a/boards/milkv/board.mk
+++ b/boards/milkv/board.mk
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # boards/milkv/board.mk -- Milk-V Mars (StarFive JH7110, SiFive U74, RV64GC).
 #
 # The board's own SPI-flash U-Boot (OpenSBI underneath) runs the EFI
diff --git a/boards/pc/board.mk b/boards/pc/board.mk
index ad113bbe..125006e2 100644
--- a/boards/pc/board.mk
+++ b/boards/pc/board.mk
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # boards/pc/board.mk -- a generic PC: x86-64, UEFI firmware, ACPI.
 #
 # Not one machine: the standards-compliant UEFI path (FABRIC-3.md §III), so
diff --git a/boards/raspi/board.mk b/boards/raspi/board.mk
index 9555bbf9..3df182d8 100644
--- a/boards/raspi/board.mk
+++ b/boards/raspi/board.mk
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # boards/raspi/board.mk -- Raspberry Pi 5 (BCM2712, Cortex-A76, aarch64).
 #
 # Native firmware boot, no UEFI (FABRIC-3.md §IV): the Pi 5 bootloader
diff --git a/boards/zynq7020/board.mk b/boards/zynq7020/board.mk
index 9fbd1ab5..3fc424b0 100644
--- a/boards/zynq7020/board.mk
+++ b/boards/zynq7020/board.mk
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # boards/zynq7020/board.mk -- Xilinx Zynq-7020 (dual Cortex-A9, ARMv7-A, 32-bit).
 #
 # Boot chain: BootROM -> BOOT.BIN (U-Boot SPL with the board's ps7_init DDR/
diff --git a/ci/pki/make-ca.sh b/ci/pki/make-ca.sh
index d4e38937..15fd1825 100755
--- a/ci/pki/make-ca.sh
+++ b/ci/pki/make-ca.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # make-ca.sh -- the StarshipOS capsule-signing PKI, made once, on the CI box (Captain Bob,
 # 2026-11-07: "New root CA on the CI box. Valid StarshipOS rather than snake oil intermediate").
 #
diff --git a/demo/build-iso.sh b/demo/build-iso.sh
index 96a73c36..df5fee85 100755
--- a/demo/build-iso.sh
+++ b/demo/build-iso.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # build-iso.sh -- the demo's ISO: the amd64 kernel's loader on an El Torito ISO, packed as
 # `make -f kernel/Makefile ARCH=amd64 qemu` packs it (kernel/Makefile, target qemu).
 #
diff --git a/demo/console.py b/demo/console.py
index 4d7a4ef5..dd87de21 100755
--- a/demo/console.py
+++ b/demo/console.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """console.py -- the visitor's terminal joined to the demo machine's serial console, once the
 machine is running (issue #112).
 
diff --git a/demo/make-snapshot.sh b/demo/make-snapshot.sh
index dc5adb5f..ccece279 100755
--- a/demo/make-snapshot.sh
+++ b/demo/make-snapshot.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # make-snapshot.sh -- boot the demo machine once, to its prompt, and save it: every session
 # resumes from here, at the prompt in seconds instead of after boot and POST (issue #113).
 #
diff --git a/demo/mint-zuse.sh b/demo/mint-zuse.sh
index f4f6be5a..953ddf79 100755
--- a/demo/mint-zuse.sh
+++ b/demo/mint-zuse.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # mint-zuse.sh -- a Zuse of the demo's own, as a stick (issue #111, ruled by Captain Bob,
 # 2026-11-06: "Mint Zuse for demo console").
 #
diff --git a/demo/qemu-args.sh b/demo/qemu-args.sh
index 19474994..aaa0a05a 100644
--- a/demo/qemu-args.sh
+++ b/demo/qemu-args.sh
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # qemu-args.sh -- the demo machine, sourced by make-snapshot.sh and start-session.sh.
 #
 # A session resumes a machine saved by make-snapshot.sh, and QEMU can resume a saved machine only
diff --git a/demo/start-session.sh b/demo/start-session.sh
index b42340d8..17aa171e 100755
--- a/demo/start-session.sh
+++ b/demo/start-session.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # start-session.sh -- one visitor's session: the saved demo machine, resumed at its prompt, its
 # serial console on this terminal; gone when the visitor leaves or the time is up (issue #112).
 # ttyd runs this once per browser connection (issue #114).
diff --git a/docs/book/Makefile b/docs/book/Makefile
index 99ff1eae..b797a48a 100644
--- a/docs/book/Makefile
+++ b/docs/book/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # docs/book/Makefile -- the single LithosAnanke book, built from LaTeX.
 #
 # Run from the repo root (the root Makefile does this):
diff --git a/docs/formal/Makefile b/docs/formal/Makefile
index e5b99525..5ebe13b0 100644
--- a/docs/formal/Makefile
+++ b/docs/formal/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # docs/formal/Makefile — build all formal LaTeX publications
 
 PDFLATEX := pdflatex -interaction=nonstopmode -halt-on-error
diff --git a/docs/formal/fix-doxygen-unicode.py b/docs/formal/fix-doxygen-unicode.py
index 90ec455d..a58fd22c 100644
--- a/docs/formal/fix-doxygen-unicode.py
+++ b/docs/formal/fix-doxygen-unicode.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """
 fix-doxygen-unicode.py — replace problematic Unicode characters in
 Doxygen-generated LaTeX files with pdflatex-safe equivalents.
diff --git a/docs/patent/Makefile b/docs/patent/Makefile
index e599b698..6b36030f 100644
--- a/docs/patent/Makefile
+++ b/docs/patent/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 LATEX=pdflatex
 MAIN=main.tex
 
diff --git a/experiments/artemis_stress/analysis/analyse_artemis_stress.R b/experiments/artemis_stress/analysis/analyse_artemis_stress.R
index b36fe730..d80fd29b 100644
--- a/experiments/artemis_stress/analysis/analyse_artemis_stress.R
+++ b/experiments/artemis_stress/analysis/analyse_artemis_stress.R
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # analyse_artemis_stress.R
 #
 # Analysis for the Artemis surface stress test bug hunt (2026-08-02):
diff --git a/experiments/artemis_stress/analysis/svg_to_pdf.py b/experiments/artemis_stress/analysis/svg_to_pdf.py
index 8c7b015d..da2452a8 100644
--- a/experiments/artemis_stress/analysis/svg_to_pdf.py
+++ b/experiments/artemis_stress/analysis/svg_to_pdf.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """Convert all SVGs in charts/ to PDF for LaTeX \\includegraphics.
 
 Mirrors experiments/bare_metal/analysis/svg_to_pdf.py, scoped to this
diff --git a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_acl_rwt.R b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_acl_rwt.R
index 5d34f818..f5515f6d 100644
--- a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_acl_rwt.R
+++ b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_acl_rwt.R
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # analyse_acl_rwt.R
 # StarForth LithosAnanke — ACL Rolling Window of Truth DoE Analysis
 #
diff --git a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_bare_metal.R b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_bare_metal.R
index 351f1fcb..db5cc0e4 100644
--- a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_bare_metal.R
+++ b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_bare_metal.R
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # analyse_bare_metal.R
 # StarForth LithosAnanke — Multi-Architecture Bare-Metal DoE Analysis
 #
diff --git a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_multirep.R b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_multirep.R
index 5cb365c1..8cb0d626 100644
--- a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_multirep.R
+++ b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_multirep.R
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # analyse_multirep.R
 # StarForth LithosAnanke — Multi-Replication DoE Analysis
 #
diff --git a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_stadium_relaunch.R b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_stadium_relaunch.R
index 420f9862..8134aeea 100644
--- a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_stadium_relaunch.R
+++ b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_stadium_relaunch.R
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # analyse_stadium_relaunch.R
 # StarForth LithosAnanke — EXEC-DOE 3x3 Latin square campaign,
 # re-run on the post-item-4.6 Stadium substrate (2026-08-20).
diff --git a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_stadium_relaunch_fixed.R b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_stadium_relaunch_fixed.R
index bb1bd964..770e500a 100644
--- a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_stadium_relaunch_fixed.R
+++ b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/analyse_stadium_relaunch_fixed.R
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # analyse_stadium_relaunch_fixed.R
 # StarForth LithosAnanke -- EXEC-DOE 3x3 Latin square campaign, re-run on
 # the post-item-4.6 Stadium substrate AND against the fixed SWAP-MTX
diff --git a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/generate_stadium_deepdive.R b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/generate_stadium_deepdive.R
index 776b08d1..2d3ebccd 100644
--- a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/generate_stadium_deepdive.R
+++ b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/generate_stadium_deepdive.R
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # generate_stadium_deepdive.R
 # Generates the full per-cell / per-ISA / per-interaction-pair / per-factor
 # deep-dive: charts (SVG, light+dark) + LaTeX section fragments, for
diff --git a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/svg_to_pdf.py b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/svg_to_pdf.py
index 6b0df357..d8841907 100644
--- a/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/svg_to_pdf.py
+++ b/experiments/bare_metal/analysis/svg_to_pdf.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """Convert all SVGs in charts/ to PDF for LaTeX \includegraphics."""
 import subprocess
 import sys
diff --git a/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/analysis.R b/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/analysis.R
index f1fd28ab..ffd8055a 100644
--- a/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/analysis.R
+++ b/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/analysis.R
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # analysis.R -- 3(architecture) x 9(identity) factorial analysis of the
 # std79-doe heartbeat/physics telemetry captured via HB-ON/HB-OFF
 # (see ../README.md's results-20260912-with-heartbeat-csv/ entry).
diff --git a/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/combine.py b/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/combine.py
index 9b987ce0..cdc1f3cc 100644
--- a/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/combine.py
+++ b/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/combine.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """
 combine.py -- build combined.csv from the three per-architecture
 correlated CSVs (correlate_doe.py's output), decoding Q48.16 fixed-point
diff --git a/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/correlate_doe.py b/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/correlate_doe.py
index f4713748..9b83b57f 100644
--- a/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/correlate_doe.py
+++ b/experiments/std79-doe/analysis-20260912/correlate_doe.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """
 correlate_doe.py <raw_log> <out_csv>
 
diff --git a/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/analysis.R b/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/analysis.R
index 528de322..768340e6 100644
--- a/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/analysis.R
+++ b/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/analysis.R
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # analysis.R -- std79-doe 3x9 factorial analysis, K-conservation centerpiece.
 # Run from this directory (contains combined.csv). Produces charts/*.svg
 # (light+dark pairs, matching experiments/bare_metal/analysis's own
diff --git a/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/combine.py b/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/combine.py
index e2444b22..a0fe8cfd 100644
--- a/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/combine.py
+++ b/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/combine.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """
 combine.py -- build combined.csv from the three per-architecture
 correlated CSVs (correlate_doe.py's output), decoding Q48.16 fixed-point
diff --git a/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/correlate_doe.py b/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/correlate_doe.py
index f4713748..9b83b57f 100644
--- a/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/correlate_doe.py
+++ b/experiments/std79-doe/report-20260912/correlate_doe.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """
 correlate_doe.py <raw_log> <out_csv>
 
diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index f43feb87..8b24d8bf 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # ==============================================================================
 # kernel/Makefile — StarKernel UEFI Build System
 # Multi-architecture: amd64 (x86_64), aarch64 (ARM64), riscv64 (RISC-V 64)
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/blkio_usb.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/blkio_usb.h
index e0ec7f43..769f1ec3 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/blkio_usb.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/blkio_usb.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * blkio_usb.h — USB Mass Storage (Bulk-Only Transport) blkio_dev backend
  * for StarKernel, Milestone 2h. Presents a blkio_dev_t interface for
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/boot_info_offsets.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/boot_info_offsets.h
index a8cd7d65..b5f0a131 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/boot_info_offsets.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/boot_info_offsets.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * boot_info_offsets.h — fixed byte offsets of BootInfo fields
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/capsule_blocks.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/capsule_blocks.h
index b3b5645d..9ddce436 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/capsule_blocks.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/capsule_blocks.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* capsule_blocks.h -- the block format of a .4th capsule payload.
  *
  * A .4th capsule is text: "Block <num>" header lines, each followed by that
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/capsule_sig.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/capsule_sig.h
index b2bb3fff..2e41e328 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/capsule_sig.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/capsule_sig.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * capsule_sig.h -- per-capsule Ed25519 signature verification
  * (Milestone 6, Phase 8). Deliberately kept separate from
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/cmdline.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/cmdline.h
index 7733ed32..a7079708 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/cmdline.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/cmdline.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * cmdline.h — kernel command-line parser API
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/ed25519.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/ed25519.h
index 2e6f67b2..a740fe0b 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/ed25519.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/ed25519.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* ed25519.h -- EdDSA (RFC 8032), freestanding C99.
  *
  * Originally verify-only ("this kernel never signs; signing happens in
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/fe25519.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/fe25519.h
index 8a0377b7..80650e56 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/fe25519.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/fe25519.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* fe25519.h -- arithmetic mod p = 2^255-19, for Ed25519.
  *
  * Five-limb representation, uniform radix 2^51 (value =
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/assert.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/assert.h
index de52bba1..51499d12 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/assert.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/assert.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding assert.h shim — asserts become no-ops in kernel builds. */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_ASSERT_H
 #define FREESTANDING_ASSERT_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/ctype.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/ctype.h
index fbc5fc2a..d1050bfb 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/ctype.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/ctype.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding ctype.h shim — character classification for kernel builds. */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_CTYPE_H
 #define FREESTANDING_CTYPE_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/errno.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/errno.h
index 3b53ee62..efd21143 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/errno.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/errno.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding errno.h shim — no OS errno in kernel builds. */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_ERRNO_H
 #define FREESTANDING_ERRNO_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/inttypes.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/inttypes.h
index a9ca3867..1e21b790 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/inttypes.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/inttypes.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding inttypes.h shim — PRI* format macros for kernel builds. */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_INTTYPES_H
 #define FREESTANDING_INTTYPES_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/math.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/math.h
index 0582bb1e..0b5eb08c 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/math.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/math.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding math.h shim — floating-point math for kernel builds.
  * These functions are declared but should not be called; physics feedback
  * loops use Q48.16 integer arithmetic, not float. */
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sched.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sched.h
index 5e858bfe..7a519f5a 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sched.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sched.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding sched.h shim — no POSIX scheduling in kernel builds. */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_SCHED_H
 #define FREESTANDING_SCHED_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/signal.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/signal.h
index 0a9ebbd2..fe2fa5f3 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/signal.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/signal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding signal.h shim — no POSIX signals in kernel builds. */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_SIGNAL_H
 #define FREESTANDING_SIGNAL_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/stdio.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/stdio.h
index 85d04786..b519b5c2 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/stdio.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/stdio.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding stdio.h shim for aarch64 COFF kernel builds.
  * printf/fprintf/snprintf/vfprintf all provided by shim.c (route to console). */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_STDIO_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/stdlib.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/stdlib.h
index 2e6d026a..44c332be 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/stdlib.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/stdlib.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding stdlib.h shim for aarch64 COFF kernel builds.
  * malloc/free/calloc/realloc provided by shim.c; abort by shim.c. */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_STDLIB_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/string.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/string.h
index 5705d043..89110820 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/string.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/string.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding string.h shim for aarch64 COFF kernel builds.
  * Implementations are provided by src/starkernel/vm/host/shim.c. */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_STRING_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sys/time.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sys/time.h
index f1884d3e..8c810d34 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sys/time.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sys/time.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding sys/time.h shim — no gettimeofday in kernel builds. */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_SYS_TIME_H
 #define FREESTANDING_SYS_TIME_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sys/types.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sys/types.h
index 8a949ccf..3f343c7a 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sys/types.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/sys/types.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding sys/types.h shim — POSIX types for kernel builds. */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_SYS_TYPES_H
 #define FREESTANDING_SYS_TYPES_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/time.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/time.h
index 2f03f8f1..a1986474 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/time.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/freestanding/time.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Freestanding time.h shim — no POSIX time in kernel builds. */
 #ifndef FREESTANDING_TIME_H
 #define FREESTANDING_TIME_H
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/gpt.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/gpt.h
index fb7cf029..2cb315a6 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/gpt.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/gpt.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* gpt.h -- the GPT reader, and a block device of one partition.
  * docs/v4.0.0/STICK.md 3 and 4; docs/v4.0.0/plans/2026-10-26-stick-2-gpt-reader.md.
  */
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/kbd_input.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/kbd_input.h
index eb970e3d..016fa61e 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/kbd_input.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/kbd_input.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* kbd_input.h -- one byte of console input, from the serial line or a
  * keyboard (PS/2, USB boot keyboard, virtio keyboard). Both systems'
  * consoles read through it: v3's (kernel/src/repl.c) and the v4 boot's
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/kernel_args.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/kernel_args.h
index 334c45cd..4de08109 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/kernel_args.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/kernel_args.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * kernel_args.h — boot command-line argument structure and defaults
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/pci.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/pci.h
index c331edde..c04a3f37 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/pci.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/pci.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * pci.h — Generic PCI/PCIe subsystem for StarKernel
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/pie_hidden.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/pie_hidden.h
index 8738135b..4bc99fca 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/pie_hidden.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/pie_hidden.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * pie_hidden.h -- every symbol in the amd64 image is the image's own.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/rng.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/rng.h
index 12936443..913a5d62 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/rng.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/rng.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * rng.h — Unified entropy entry point for StarKernel
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/scalar25519.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/scalar25519.h
index be1b3f5f..75587a22 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/scalar25519.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/scalar25519.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* scalar25519.h -- arithmetic mod L (the Ed25519 base point's order),
  * for reducing SHA-512 output to a valid scalar and checking a
  * signature's S component for the RFC 8032 malleability requirement
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/sha512.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/sha512.h
index 8f9f5d1c..04c86157 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/sha512.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/sha512.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sha512.h -- freestanding SHA-512 (FIPS 180-4 / RFC 6234), C99, no libc
  * beyond memcpy/memset (both available in the kernel via
  * src/starkernel/vm/host/shim.c). No __int128 used -- 64-bit words only,
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/user_identity_seed.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/user_identity_seed.h
index 99e01501..455fdd67 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/user_identity_seed.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/user_identity_seed.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * user_identity_seed.h -- on-disk record format for a minted user
  * identity's own keypair and profile (FABRIC-2.md §F.8/§F.20), stored in
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4.h
index afc4d225..c0ed9a4f 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sk_v4.h -- StarForth v4 on bare metal: one host node at a prompt.
  *
  * Built only with STARFORTH_V4=1 (Kconfig.kernel).
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_grow.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_grow.h
index 365ff63c..05025028 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_grow.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_grow.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sk_v4_grow.h -- Artemis grows to fill the stick at its first boot
  * (docs/v4.0.0/STICK.md 5a; plan 2026-10-29-stick-5, Task 2).
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_identity.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_identity.h
index c8b7486d..2d89ebd1 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_identity.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_identity.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sk_v4_identity.h -- the identity gate for the v4 boot: no identity drive,
  * headless; Zuse's minted thumbdrive, a console.
  * docs/v4.0.0/plans/2026-10-26-engine-step4-identity-gate.md.
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_marker.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_marker.h
index b5f5ae65..17729ca5 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_marker.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_marker.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sk_v4_marker.h -- the genesis marker, as the v4 boot reads and writes it:
  * version 2, the stick's proxy Zuse and the real Zuse (docs/v4.0.0/STICK.md 6,
  * 6a; plan 2026-10-29-stick-5, Task 1). On Artemis's metadata fence,
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_mint.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_mint.h
index f1ea7828..cdcbf156 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_mint.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/v4/sk_v4_mint.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sk_v4_mint.h -- MINT-ZUSE: the real Zuse minted onto a second stick
  * (docs/v4.0.0/STICK.md 6a; plan 2026-10-29-stick-5, Task 4).
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_blk.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_blk.h
index 94f9d5c7..cedb2416 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_blk.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_blk.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * virtio_blk.h — Virtio 1.0 block device driver for StarKernel
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_input.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_input.h
index 939e9126..b7c55192 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_input.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_input.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * virtio_input.h — Virtio 1.0 input device driver for StarKernel (item 4.3.5c)
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_rng.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_rng.h
index d11bfe6f..03ea0369 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_rng.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/virtio_rng.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * virtio_rng.h — Virtio 1.0 entropy source driver for StarKernel
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/x509_ed25519.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/x509_ed25519.h
index a2f0521d..bae886ca 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/x509_ed25519.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/x509_ed25519.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * x509_ed25519.h -- minimal, targeted DER walkers for Ed25519-signed X.509
  * certificates (RFC 8410). Deliberately NOT a general ASN.1/X.509 parser
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/xhci.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/xhci.h
index af217982..a2350e77 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/xhci.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/xhci.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * xhci.h — xHCI (Extensible Host Controller Interface, USB 3.x) register
  * layout and shared constants for StarKernel's USB host controller driver.
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/xhci_driver.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/xhci_driver.h
index 78686c64..b1c3bf31 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/xhci_driver.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/xhci_driver.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * xhci_driver.h — xHCI USB host controller driver public API for StarKernel
  *
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/zuse_cert_devblock.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/zuse_cert_devblock.h
index 01a45ea1..4fad76c9 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/zuse_cert_devblock.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/zuse_cert_devblock.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * zuse_cert_devblock.h -- SUPERSEDED 2026-08-28 (FABRIC-2.md §F.20/§F.21).
  * Zuse is now thumbdrive-resident, not system-resident: her seed lives
diff --git a/kernel/include/starkernel/zuse_genesis_marker.h b/kernel/include/starkernel/zuse_genesis_marker.h
index 7b8aafa3..5050c5c3 100644
--- a/kernel/include/starkernel/zuse_genesis_marker.h
+++ b/kernel/include/starkernel/zuse_genesis_marker.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * zuse_genesis_marker.h -- on-disk record format for the system-resident
  * "a root Zuse identity already exists" marker (FABRIC-2.md §F.21),
diff --git a/kernel/linker/starkernel-amd64.ld b/kernel/linker/starkernel-amd64.ld
index 7aa65118..83470a47 100644
--- a/kernel/linker/starkernel-amd64.ld
+++ b/kernel/linker/starkernel-amd64.ld
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Linker script for StarKernel (amd64/x86_64) */
 /* UEFI PE32+ format */
 
diff --git a/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-aarch64.ld b/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-aarch64.ld
index 5c4cda66..0863def7 100644
--- a/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-aarch64.ld
+++ b/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-aarch64.ld
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Linker script for StarKernel Kernel ELF (aarch64) */
 /* Freestanding ELF64 binary */
 
diff --git a/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-amd64.ld b/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-amd64.ld
index e1e0d84b..4c333323 100644
--- a/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-amd64.ld
+++ b/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-amd64.ld
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Linker script for StarKernel Kernel ELF (amd64/x86_64) */
 /* Freestanding ELF64 binary */
 
diff --git a/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-riscv64.ld b/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-riscv64.ld
index 3a853ec1..52937df5 100644
--- a/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-riscv64.ld
+++ b/kernel/linker/starkernel-kernel-riscv64.ld
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Linker script for StarKernel Kernel ELF (riscv64) */
 
 OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf64-littleriscv")
diff --git a/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-aarch64-pe.ld b/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-aarch64-pe.ld
index 1273eb4e..b91434ed 100644
--- a/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-aarch64-pe.ld
+++ b/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-aarch64-pe.ld
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Linker script for StarKernel UEFI Loader (aarch64) - PE32+ direct */
 /* Used with ld -m aarch64pe for direct PE output with base relocations */
 
diff --git a/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-aarch64.ld b/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-aarch64.ld
index 737aa8ef..956c674e 100644
--- a/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-aarch64.ld
+++ b/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-aarch64.ld
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Linker script for StarKernel UEFI Loader (aarch64) - ELF64 intermediate */
 /* UEFI PE64 format — used as ELF intermediate before objcopy to PE */
 
diff --git a/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-amd64-pe.ld b/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-amd64-pe.ld
index 54efe525..267f3af4 100644
--- a/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-amd64-pe.ld
+++ b/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-amd64-pe.ld
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Linker script for StarKernel UEFI Loader (amd64/x86_64) - PE32+ direct */
 /* Used with ld -m i386pep for direct PE output with base relocations */
 
diff --git a/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-amd64.ld b/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-amd64.ld
index 3333119d..ce01ce5f 100644
--- a/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-amd64.ld
+++ b/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-amd64.ld
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Linker script for StarKernel UEFI Loader (amd64/x86_64) */
 /* UEFI PE32+ format - DUMB LOADER ONLY */
 
diff --git a/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-riscv64.ld b/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-riscv64.ld
index d1f71adc..24672d6f 100644
--- a/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-riscv64.ld
+++ b/kernel/linker/starkernel-loader-riscv64.ld
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Linker script for StarKernel UEFI Loader (riscv64) - ELF64 intermediate */
 /* Linked as shared ELF, then converted to PE via objcopy -O pei-riscv64-little */
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/linker/starkernel-native-rpi5.ld b/kernel/linker/starkernel-native-rpi5.ld
index d08491de..1b770369 100644
--- a/kernel/linker/starkernel-native-rpi5.ld
+++ b/kernel/linker/starkernel-native-rpi5.ld
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* Linker script for the Raspberry Pi 5 native (non-UEFI) kernel image.
  *
  * Linked from the same objects as the aarch64 kernel ELF, entered at
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/boot.S b/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/boot.S
index 32805fba..6b1a0ebf 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/boot.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/boot.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * boot.S (aarch64) - Entry stub and linker-script symbol substitutes.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/isr.S b/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/isr.S
index 22441960..ced9801e 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/isr.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/isr.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * isr.S (aarch64) - Exception vector table stub.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/native_rpi5_entry.S b/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/native_rpi5_entry.S
index d42fb08d..25d82662 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/native_rpi5_entry.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/native_rpi5_entry.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * native_rpi5_entry.S (aarch64) - Raspberry Pi 5 native (non-UEFI) entry
  * stub (FABRIC-3.md §IV.3 item 1, 2026-09-04).
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/switch.S b/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/switch.S
index 6abc6d54..5d913752 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/switch.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/aarch64/switch.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * switch.S (aarch64) - Cooperative VM context switch primitive.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/amd64/boot.S b/kernel/src/arch/amd64/boot.S
index d8e1ee5c..ea4177ae 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/amd64/boot.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/amd64/boot.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * boot.S (amd64) - Placeholder entry for future low-level bring-up.
  * The UEFI loader currently calls efi_main() directly; this stub exists
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/amd64/isr.S b/kernel/src/arch/amd64/isr.S
index e7f8c675..942f68c9 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/amd64/isr.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/amd64/isr.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * isr.S - Interrupt/exception stubs for amd64
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/amd64/kernel_entry.S b/kernel/src/arch/amd64/kernel_entry.S
index dc63f84d..78125ce1 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/amd64/kernel_entry.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/amd64/kernel_entry.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * kernel_entry.S — kernel stack setup and entry trampoline (amd64)
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/amd64/switch.S b/kernel/src/arch/amd64/switch.S
index 6e97e675..68897afa 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/amd64/switch.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/amd64/switch.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * switch.S (amd64) - Cooperative VM context switch primitive.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/boot.S b/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/boot.S
index 8463ec01..9ea39829 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/boot.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/boot.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * boot.S (riscv64) - Entry stub and linker-script symbol substitutes.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/isr.S b/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/isr.S
index ac14ca6e..36fb7dc5 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/isr.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/isr.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * isr.S (riscv64) - Trap vector installation.
  * Routes all S-mode exceptions to a common C handler.
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/kernel_entry.S b/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/kernel_entry.S
index 6935f397..b1dbdf57 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/kernel_entry.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/kernel_entry.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * kernel_entry.S — kernel stack setup and entry trampoline (riscv64)
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/switch.S b/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/switch.S
index 9a2365fc..786811c6 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/switch.S
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/riscv64/switch.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * switch.S (riscv64) - Cooperative VM context switch primitive.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/boot/cmdline.c b/kernel/src/boot/cmdline.c
index 2fce2902..53e5aeb2 100644
--- a/kernel/src/boot/cmdline.c
+++ b/kernel/src/boot/cmdline.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * cmdline.c — kernel boot command-line parser
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/boot/reloc.S b/kernel/src/boot/reloc.S
index 49f8e080..8ec2e60c 100644
--- a/kernel/src/boot/reloc.S
+++ b/kernel/src/boot/reloc.S
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /**
  * reloc.S - Minimal .reloc section for UEFI PE32+ loader
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/capsule/capsule_blocks.c b/kernel/src/capsule/capsule_blocks.c
index 2a8c2448..2209cef4 100644
--- a/kernel/src/capsule/capsule_blocks.c
+++ b/kernel/src/capsule/capsule_blocks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* capsule_blocks.c -- the block format of a .4th capsule payload.
  * See capsule_blocks.h.  Nothing here uses the C library or a VM.
  */
diff --git a/kernel/src/capsule/capsule_sig.c b/kernel/src/capsule/capsule_sig.c
index 759decb5..e7093133 100644
--- a/kernel/src/capsule/capsule_sig.c
+++ b/kernel/src/capsule/capsule_sig.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* capsule_sig.c -- see capsule_sig.h. */
 #include "starkernel/capsule_sig.h"
 #include "starkernel/x509_ed25519.h"
diff --git a/kernel/src/crypto/ed25519.c b/kernel/src/crypto/ed25519.c
index b03aecd0..8d57c10c 100644
--- a/kernel/src/crypto/ed25519.c
+++ b/kernel/src/crypto/ed25519.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* ed25519.c -- see ed25519.h. Twisted Edwards curve point arithmetic
  * (projective X:Y:Z coordinates, unified addition law -- correctness
  * over speed, this is a verify-only, non-hot-path library) plus the
diff --git a/kernel/src/crypto/fe25519.c b/kernel/src/crypto/fe25519.c
index a72eff31..e8e08a7e 100644
--- a/kernel/src/crypto/fe25519.c
+++ b/kernel/src/crypto/fe25519.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* fe25519.c -- see fe25519.h for the representation and why. */
 #include "starkernel/fe25519.h"
 #include <string.h>
diff --git a/kernel/src/crypto/scalar25519.c b/kernel/src/crypto/scalar25519.c
index c8d6a1fc..cd14af9a 100644
--- a/kernel/src/crypto/scalar25519.c
+++ b/kernel/src/crypto/scalar25519.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* scalar25519.c -- see scalar25519.h. */
 #include "starkernel/scalar25519.h"
 #include <string.h>
diff --git a/kernel/src/crypto/sha512.c b/kernel/src/crypto/sha512.c
index 30849e3a..9e9d1eac 100644
--- a/kernel/src/crypto/sha512.c
+++ b/kernel/src/crypto/sha512.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sha512.c -- FIPS 180-4 SHA-512, freestanding C99, 64-bit words only. */
 #include "starkernel/sha512.h"
 #include <string.h>
diff --git a/kernel/src/crypto/x509_ed25519.c b/kernel/src/crypto/x509_ed25519.c
index 4ae6e081..f9ab1229 100644
--- a/kernel/src/crypto/x509_ed25519.c
+++ b/kernel/src/crypto/x509_ed25519.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* x509_ed25519.c -- see x509_ed25519.h. */
 #include "starkernel/x509_ed25519.h"
 #include "starkernel/ed25519.h"
diff --git a/kernel/src/gpt.c b/kernel/src/gpt.c
index 6c83273a..c019a175 100644
--- a/kernel/src/gpt.c
+++ b/kernel/src/gpt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* gpt.c -- the GPT reader, and a block device of one partition.
  *
  * GPT for boot media and installed disks (Captain Bob, 2026-10-26;
diff --git a/kernel/src/hal/kbd_input.c b/kernel/src/hal/kbd_input.c
index d3d11e3a..e61b78e7 100644
--- a/kernel/src/hal/kbd_input.c
+++ b/kernel/src/hal/kbd_input.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* kbd_input.c -- one byte of console input, from the serial line or a
  * keyboard: the keyboard bridge, moved here from kernel/src/repl.c on
  * 2026-10-26 unchanged in behaviour, so that v3's console and the v4 boot's
diff --git a/kernel/src/pci/pci.c b/kernel/src/pci/pci.c
index edaf6054..3c7e7c44 100644
--- a/kernel/src/pci/pci.c
+++ b/kernel/src/pci/pci.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * pci.c — Generic PCI/PCIe subsystem for StarKernel
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/rng/rng.c b/kernel/src/rng/rng.c
index 6686131e..5dc0b84a 100644
--- a/kernel/src/rng/rng.c
+++ b/kernel/src/rng/rng.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
   StarKernel — Unified entropy layer (rng_get_bytes)
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/usb/blkio_usb.c b/kernel/src/usb/blkio_usb.c
index b32ec032..dc0a95fa 100644
--- a/kernel/src/usb/blkio_usb.c
+++ b/kernel/src/usb/blkio_usb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * blkio_usb.c — USB Mass Storage (Bulk-Only Transport) blkio_dev backend,
  * see blkio_usb.h. Milestone 2h.
diff --git a/kernel/src/usb/xhci.c b/kernel/src/usb/xhci.c
index 102e69aa..f21519df 100644
--- a/kernel/src/usb/xhci.c
+++ b/kernel/src/usb/xhci.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * xhci.c — xHCI USB host controller driver for StarKernel: PCI discovery
  * (Milestone 2b), controller bring-up (2c), polled Event Ring servicing
diff --git a/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4.c b/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4.c
index 83a95187..2b09b601 100644
--- a/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4.c
+++ b/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sk_v4.c -- StarForth v4 on bare metal: one host node at a prompt.
  *
  * The node is the golden model of the F18-derived engine (v4/src).  It comes
diff --git a/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_grow.c b/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_grow.c
index 4f25ec4a..450b619f 100644
--- a/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_grow.c
+++ b/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_grow.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sk_v4_grow.c -- Artemis grows to fill the stick at its first boot
  * (docs/v4.0.0/STICK.md 5a; plan 2026-10-29-stick-5, Task 2).
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_identity.c b/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_identity.c
index fffefc06..7c4cf967 100644
--- a/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_identity.c
+++ b/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_identity.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sk_v4_identity.c -- the identity gate for the v4 boot: no identity drive,
  * headless; Zuse's minted thumbdrive, a console.
  * docs/v4.0.0/plans/2026-10-26-engine-step4-identity-gate.md, ENGINE.md 2.
diff --git a/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_marker.c b/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_marker.c
index 405c0797..e99e227a 100644
--- a/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_marker.c
+++ b/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_marker.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sk_v4_marker.c -- the genesis marker, version 2, for the v4 boot
  * (docs/v4.0.0/STICK.md 6, 6a; plan 2026-10-29-stick-5, Task 1).
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_mint.c b/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_mint.c
index 0dab36a5..a710f8ff 100644
--- a/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_mint.c
+++ b/kernel/src/v4/sk_v4_mint.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sk_v4_mint.c -- MINT-ZUSE: the real Zuse minted onto a second stick
  * (docs/v4.0.0/STICK.md 6a; plan 2026-10-29-stick-5, Task 4).
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_blk.c b/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_blk.c
index ed94e68f..11b27f46 100644
--- a/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_blk.c
+++ b/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_blk.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * virtio_blk.c — Virtio 1.0 block device driver for StarKernel
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_input.c b/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_input.c
index 97de9aa1..b62e4272 100644
--- a/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_input.c
+++ b/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_input.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * virtio_input.c — Virtio 1.0 input device driver for StarKernel
  * (riscv64: item 4.3.5c; aarch64: item 4.3.5e)
diff --git a/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_rng.c b/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_rng.c
index 9b17815c..8008bdef 100644
--- a/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_rng.c
+++ b/kernel/src/virtio/virtio_rng.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * virtio_rng.c — Virtio 1.0 entropy source driver for StarKernel
  *
diff --git a/kernel/src/vm/q48_stubs.c b/kernel/src/vm/q48_stubs.c
index d4829920..a317a90d 100644
--- a/kernel/src/vm/q48_stubs.c
+++ b/kernel/src/vm/q48_stubs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * StarKernel Q48.16 fixed-point stubs
  *
diff --git a/mk/Kconfig.mk b/mk/Kconfig.mk
index a5575e78..fdf9c54d 100644
--- a/mk/Kconfig.mk
+++ b/mk/Kconfig.mk
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # ==============================================================================
 # mk/Kconfig.mk — shared Kconfig bridge for Makefile and kernel/Makefile
 # ==============================================================================
diff --git a/mk/boards.mk b/mk/boards.mk
index 6e0c55d2..694ea036 100644
--- a/mk/boards.mk
+++ b/mk/boards.mk
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # Board target table — T= selects board, sets ARCH + BOARD + BOARD_NAME.
 # Included early by both Makefile and Makefile.starkernel, before arch
 # normalization runs. Each Makefile applies board-specific flag overrides
diff --git a/scripts/analyze_heartbeat_stability.R b/scripts/analyze_heartbeat_stability.R
index a1d31c5e..796dc7eb 100755
--- a/scripts/analyze_heartbeat_stability.R
+++ b/scripts/analyze_heartbeat_stability.R
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env Rscript
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 
 ################################################################################
 #
diff --git a/scripts/bleach_zuse_img.sh b/scripts/bleach_zuse_img.sh
index c6f7e2ac..214c0dcc 100755
--- a/scripts/bleach_zuse_img.sh
+++ b/scripts/bleach_zuse_img.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # bleach_zuse_img.sh - Reset disk/zuse.img (or any home-blocks test image)
 # back to pristine/unminted state.
 #
diff --git a/scripts/check_images.sh b/scripts/check_images.sh
index 6f8a6f82..c7c15efc 100755
--- a/scripts/check_images.sh
+++ b/scripts/check_images.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # check_images.sh -- build the stick and the data stick and check them
 # (docs/v4.0.0/plans/2026-10-27-stick-3-images.md, Task 1; docs/v4.0.0/STICK.md 4).
 #
diff --git a/scripts/extract_doe.sh b/scripts/extract_doe.sh
index 5112730b..feca2915 100755
--- a/scripts/extract_doe.sh
+++ b/scripts/extract_doe.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # extract_doe.sh — extract DOE CSV rows from a QEMU serial log
 #
 # Usage: extract_doe.sh <serial_log> <output_csv>
diff --git a/scripts/gen_pe_reloc.py b/scripts/gen_pe_reloc.py
index 8ad6c1c0..a0b4879f 100644
--- a/scripts/gen_pe_reloc.py
+++ b/scripts/gen_pe_reloc.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """
 gen_pe_reloc.py — Prepare a RISC-V ELF shared library for PE/EFI conversion.
 
diff --git a/scripts/mkdiskimage.sh b/scripts/mkdiskimage.sh
index b0995042..8a8c9c69 100644
--- a/scripts/mkdiskimage.sh
+++ b/scripts/mkdiskimage.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # mkdiskimage.sh -- build a single-partition FAT32 boot disk image.
 #
 # Used by `make boot_image TARGET=<board>` (kernel/Makefile). One script for
diff --git a/scripts/nightly.sh b/scripts/nightly.sh
index 729a9534..c127c679 100755
--- a/scripts/nightly.sh
+++ b/scripts/nightly.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # nightly.sh -- the nightly and release builds: the acceptance protocol, the proofs, the board
 # images, the documents, and Nexus. One stage per call; the workflows run each as a step
 # (.gitea/workflows/nightly.yml, release.yml, nightly-docs.yml).
diff --git a/scripts/qemu_screenshot.sh b/scripts/qemu_screenshot.sh
index 67fb4605..1e5d7ee7 100755
--- a/scripts/qemu_screenshot.sh
+++ b/scripts/qemu_screenshot.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # qemu_screenshot.sh — Boot LithosAnanke under QEMU, wait for ok>, capture framebuffer.
 #
 # Usage:
diff --git a/scripts/qemu_session.py b/scripts/qemu_session.py
index ec092122..91646591 100755
--- a/scripts/qemu_session.py
+++ b/scripts/qemu_session.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """qemu_session.py -- one typed QEMU session against a kernel boot, and its verdict.
 
     scripts/qemu_session.py MODE ARCH [--label L] [--make "VAR=val ..."] [--no-zuse]
diff --git a/scripts/write_stick.sh b/scripts/write_stick.sh
index ffc510d5..f84ab2f3 100755
--- a/scripts/write_stick.sh
+++ b/scripts/write_stick.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # write_stick.sh -- write a StarshipOS stick image to a USB stick, safely, and prove it.
 #
 #   scripts/write_stick.sh IMAGE DEVICE        e.g. build/boards/pc/lithos-pc.img /dev/sdb
diff --git a/site/brand/install.sh b/site/brand/install.sh
index d0eaa39f..a5834bb1 100755
--- a/site/brand/install.sh
+++ b/site/brand/install.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # install.sh -- the wiki's banner says StarshipOS, not XWiki (Captain Bob, 2026-11-07: "The banner
 # XWiki should not say that").
 #
diff --git a/site/colorlock.py b/site/colorlock.py
index f4ecd313..2b00a7f1 100644
--- a/site/colorlock.py
+++ b/site/colorlock.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """colorlock.py -- keep a page's own colours inside a wiki whose theme forces its own.
 
 Both XWikis carry a high-contrast theme (skins/flamingo/cssVariablesInit.css on the server) that sets
diff --git a/site/com/build.py b/site/com/build.py
index e7a8f80b..7bb4c353 100755
--- a/site/com/build.py
+++ b/site/com/build.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """build.py -- the starshipos-f18.com XWiki pages, made from the "StarshipOS.com" design canvas.
 
     site/com/build.py      canvas/{Main,Inquiries,TryIt}.dc.html -> {Main,Inquiries,TryIt}.WebHome.xwiki
diff --git a/site/com/install.sh b/site/com/install.sh
index bc9a3d0f..7187d028 100755
--- a/site/com/install.sh
+++ b/site/com/install.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # install.sh -- the starshipos-f18.com XWiki's pages, from the "StarshipOS.com" design canvas
 # (build.py makes them): Main.WebHome (Home), Inquiries.WebHome, TryIt.WebHome, and the two
 # images, attachments of Main.WebHome. All readable by everyone; the wiki's own rights decide the
diff --git a/site/org/build.py b/site/org/build.py
index dc37a069..8788c8d1 100755
--- a/site/org/build.py
+++ b/site/org/build.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """build.py -- the .org XWiki's three pages in the starshipos-f18.com look (the "StarshipOS.com"
 design canvas: navy #0A1222, accent #F5891F, JetBrains Mono, Exo 2 headings), from one source.
 
diff --git a/site/org/inquiries/install.sh b/site/org/inquiries/install.sh
index bbdb2e76..b14dbb6c 100755
--- a/site/org/inquiries/install.sh
+++ b/site/org/inquiries/install.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # install.sh -- inquiries on the .org XWiki (Captain Bob, 2026-11-07: the .com's inquiries go to an
 # admin-only page on the .org, master/detail):
 #
diff --git a/site/org/install.sh b/site/org/install.sh
index 2310315a..8cdb8052 100755
--- a/site/org/install.sh
+++ b/site/org/install.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # install.sh -- the .org XWiki's three pages (Captain Bob, 2026-11-07): a landing page anyone can
 # read, an admin dashboard for the administrator alone, and a contributors' dashboard for the
 # group XWiki.StarshipContributors (and the administrator). Through XWiki's REST API:
diff --git a/tools/fdt_uart_test.c b/tools/fdt_uart_test.c
index 613a883a..5a5af82a 100644
--- a/tools/fdt_uart_test.c
+++ b/tools/fdt_uart_test.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* fdt_uart_test.c -- host test of the console's serial-line lookup
  * (kernel/src/hal/fdt_uart.c): which UART a board's devicetree names as its
  * console, where it is, and how its registers are laid out.
diff --git a/tools/hermes_channel_smoke.sh b/tools/hermes_channel_smoke.sh
index 69b0c4dd..831c740b 100755
--- a/tools/hermes_channel_smoke.sh
+++ b/tools/hermes_channel_smoke.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # Hermes channel negotiation smoke test.
 # Exercises the full CH-REQUEST → CH-ACCEPT → CH-CLOSE → reap lifecycle.
 #
diff --git a/tools/hermes_smoke.sh b/tools/hermes_smoke.sh
index 78c4ddf3..86ca0f4e 100755
--- a/tools/hermes_smoke.sh
+++ b/tools/hermes_smoke.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # Hermes v1 hosted smoke test — prints values for manual inspection
 # Run: bash tools/hermes_smoke.sh
 SF=./build/amd64/standard/starforth
diff --git a/tools/hermes_tripod_smoke.sh b/tools/hermes_tripod_smoke.sh
index 20beafbf..2c644bf1 100755
--- a/tools/hermes_tripod_smoke.sh
+++ b/tools/hermes_tripod_smoke.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # Hermes Tripod integration test — exercises all 6 inter-VM message paths.
 # Uses the DEFER VM-EXEC / IS VM-EXEC mechanism from init.4th to inject a
 # name-length dispatcher shim before Hermes loads.
diff --git a/tools/kconfig/Makefile b/tools/kconfig/Makefile
index 01a76021..61dee154 100644
--- a/tools/kconfig/Makefile
+++ b/tools/kconfig/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # Bespoke build for the vendored Linux Kconfig tooling.
 # See README.md for what's vendored, what's dropped, and why this Makefile
 # is hand-written instead of adapting upstream's scripts/kconfig/Makefile
diff --git a/tools/mkartemis.c b/tools/mkartemis.c
index a81ba1ba..d273c629 100644
--- a/tools/mkartemis.c
+++ b/tools/mkartemis.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* mkartemis.c -- format, or check, an Artemis partition inside a disk image.
  *
  * The stick's Artemis partition is formatted when the image is built, not on
diff --git a/tools/mkcapsule.c b/tools/mkcapsule.c
index c9237f74..5886a4f4 100644
--- a/tools/mkcapsule.c
+++ b/tools/mkcapsule.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0 */
 /*
   StarForth — Steady-State Virtual Machine Runtime
 
diff --git a/tools/pe_reloc_gen.py b/tools/pe_reloc_gen.py
index 31b83eb5..d88bc84e 100644
--- a/tools/pe_reloc_gen.py
+++ b/tools/pe_reloc_gen.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """
 pe_reloc_gen.py — Patch PE .reloc from ELF .rela.dyn
 
diff --git a/tools/pkcs8_ed25519.c b/tools/pkcs8_ed25519.c
index aa5e10fe..8e6aa52b 100644
--- a/tools/pkcs8_ed25519.c
+++ b/tools/pkcs8_ed25519.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* pkcs8_ed25519.c -- see pkcs8_ed25519.h. */
 #define _GNU_SOURCE /* memmem() */
 #include "pkcs8_ed25519.h"
diff --git a/tools/pkcs8_ed25519.h b/tools/pkcs8_ed25519.h
index 68eb5e83..db3775b7 100644
--- a/tools/pkcs8_ed25519.h
+++ b/tools/pkcs8_ed25519.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /*
  * pkcs8_ed25519.h -- extract the raw 32-byte Ed25519 seed from a
  * PKCS#8 DER-encoded private key (RFC 8410 OneAsymmetricKey), for
diff --git a/tools/svg_to_png.py b/tools/svg_to_png.py
index 89d3154c..9bdc79e8 100644
--- a/tools/svg_to_png.py
+++ b/tools/svg_to_png.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """One-off: render every tracked .svg to a same-named .png via headless Chromium.
 Not part of the build; run manually. Leaves the source .svg untouched."""
 import re
diff --git a/v3/Makefile b/v3/Makefile
index 60a011a3..458697d6 100644
--- a/v3/Makefile
+++ b/v3/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # ==============================================================================
 # StarForth Build System - The Fastest Forth in the West!
 # ==============================================================================
diff --git a/v3/src/word_source/include/acl_words.h b/v3/src/word_source/include/acl_words.h
index 040b5fa0..51bc1491 100644
--- a/v3/src/word_source/include/acl_words.h
+++ b/v3/src/word_source/include/acl_words.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 #pragma once
 #include "vm.h"
 
diff --git a/v4/Makefile b/v4/Makefile
index bfab3332..dc25fcf1 100644
--- a/v4/Makefile
+++ b/v4/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 # v4/Makefile -- host golden model build.
 #
 # JUSTIFICATION.md section 5: the host node runs the same mesh-defined
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/asm.h b/v4/include/v4/asm.h
index 619cd9d0..eeb3cbd0 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/asm.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/asm.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* asm.h -- slot packer for hand-assembled test programs.
  *
  * This is not the compiler capsule (JUSTIFICATION.md section 9).  It exists so
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/blocks.h b/v4/include/v4/blocks.h
index 5a6feec8..5f309ccc 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/blocks.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/blocks.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* blocks.h -- a node asks its kernel for a block.
  * docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md section 8, docs/v4.0.0/ENGINE.md 3.3,
  * docs/v4.0.0/V3-PARITY.md 1d.
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/boot.h b/v4/include/v4/boot.h
index 246ecbdd..08786039 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/boot.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/boot.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* boot.h -- how a StarForth v4 system comes up: the machine's ROM assembles
  * the system, then its capsules are loaded, then the prompt.
  * docs/v4.0.0/MACHINE.md, NUCLEUS.md.
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/capsule.h b/v4/include/v4/capsule.h
index 8cffe023..72a01de8 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/capsule.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/capsule.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* capsule.h -- a capsule of F18 code: what a neighbour writes to a node's
  * port to put a programme into it and start it.  docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md
  * section 5.
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/cell.h b/v4/include/v4/cell.h
index 9f5286b2..b0a3c6ee 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/cell.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/cell.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* cell.h -- v4 cell width as a build parameter.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md D-5: the host node's cell width matches the host CPU
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/exec.h b/v4/include/v4/exec.h
index ca066b72..e5f48b7f 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/exec.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/exec.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* exec.h -- instruction execution for v4.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md section 1.2: "Slots execute left to right."  A branch
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/fabric.h b/v4/include/v4/fabric.h
index 80f49fc5..966656a7 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/fabric.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/fabric.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* fabric.h -- the nodes there are, how their ports are wired, and time
  * passing for all of them at once.  docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md 4.3.
  *
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/guard.h b/v4/include/v4/guard.h
index 9e9b5058..ca9a6bbe 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/guard.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/guard.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* guard.h -- 5% safety boundaries at each end of every bounded list.
  *
  * The convention used throughout this project is that a bounded list carries a
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/heat.h b/v4/include/v4/heat.h
index 96d8832a..43f97b69 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/heat.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/heat.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* heat.h -- heat and anti-clock, not instructions themselves (1.4).
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md section 1.4 states: "Execution itself drives the physics.
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/image.h b/v4/include/v4/image.h
index ec598f8a..c869afac 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/image.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/image.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* image.h -- the StarForth system, as its host knows it: where things are
  * in a node that holds it, and how a line is handed to that node.
  *
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/iword.h b/v4/include/v4/iword.h
index cf75b7b1..bb5de763 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/iword.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/iword.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* iword.h -- the 32-bit instruction word and its decode.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md section 1.2:
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/manage.h b/v4/include/v4/manage.h
index b3777f14..bf677ca9 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/manage.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/manage.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* manage.h -- what a node asks of whoever holds the fabric about nodes and
  * capsules.  docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md sections 9 and 9a.
  *
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/message.h b/v4/include/v4/message.h
index 85ec42ea..f7bd7172 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/message.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/message.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* message.h -- a message, as it is written to a port and read from one.
  * docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md section 6.
  *
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/node.h b/v4/include/v4/node.h
index 443dece4..af84da10 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/node.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/node.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* node.h -- the v4 node: registers, stacks, and word-addressed memory.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md section 1.1:
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/opcode.h b/v4/include/v4/opcode.h
index cbe67810..fec45117 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/opcode.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/opcode.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* opcode.h -- the 32 core opcodes.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md section 1.3.  "Opcode numbering follows the F18.  Two names
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/post.h b/v4/include/v4/post.h
index f619d80a..c65f43d9 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/post.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/post.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* post.h -- POST, which is the kernel's.  docs/v4.0.0/NUCLEUS.md section 6.
  *
  * As in v3, the kernel holds the cases and runs them on the node: nothing
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/rom_entries.h b/v4/include/v4/rom_entries.h
index bd7b4efb..7b8eea9a 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/rom_entries.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/rom_entries.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* rom_entries.h -- the ROMs' shared entries (docs/v4.0.0/MACHINE.md 2.2).
  *
  * Both ROMs, the host node's and a mesh node's, begin with these entries, in
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/rom_errors.h b/v4/include/v4/rom_errors.h
index 83135691..bf422c8d 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/rom_errors.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/rom_errors.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* rom_errors.h -- the ROM's error codes and what they mean.
  *
  * The ROM (capsules/v4/rom) stops at (ROM-FAILED) with one of these codes in
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/stack.h b/v4/include/v4/stack.h
index 542b1994..fa7c400c 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/stack.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/stack.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* stack.h -- F18 circular hardware stacks (DECOMPOSITION.md D-2), counted (D-16).
  *
  * REVISED BY D-16 (2026-10-04).  What follows describes the storage, which is
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/sys_files.h b/v4/include/v4/sys_files.h
index 710cb5c3..6d191f2e 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/sys_files.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/sys_files.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* sys_files.h -- the system's source, in the order the ROM reads it.
  *
  * capsules/v4/sys: the memory map (map-<cell bits>.f18) first, then these,
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/testcode.h b/v4/include/v4/testcode.h
index a5045c82..f1b52092 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/testcode.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/testcode.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* testcode.h -- run a word on a node, for tests. */
 #ifndef V4_TESTCODE_H
 #define V4_TESTCODE_H
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/text.h b/v4/include/v4/text.h
index f48d93a0..bb5e3982 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/text.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/text.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* text.h -- assemble definitions written as text onto a node.
  *
  * Until now every DECOMPOSITION.md definition was retyped by hand in the
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/umul.h b/v4/include/v4/umul.h
index 382b7640..8c90840a 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/umul.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/umul.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* umul.h -- unsigned multiply fixing UM* under D-3 constraints.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md section 4 first said of UM* (since rewritten to be exact over
diff --git a/v4/include/v4/wire.h b/v4/include/v4/wire.h
index a9d5c1a4..f5048841 100644
--- a/v4/include/v4/wire.h
+++ b/v4/include/v4/wire.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* wire.h -- a queue of whole messages, one way along a wire.
  * docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md section 7d.2.
  *
diff --git a/v4/src/asm.c b/v4/src/asm.c
index 0a2c7378..f8ba0203 100644
--- a/v4/src/asm.c
+++ b/v4/src/asm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* asm.c -- slot packer for test programs.  See asm.h. */
 #include "v4/asm.h"
 
diff --git a/v4/src/capsule.c b/v4/src/capsule.c
index 6f87a61e..d2cc4773 100644
--- a/v4/src/capsule.c
+++ b/v4/src/capsule.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* capsule.c -- a capsule of F18 code.  See capsule.h.
  *
  * Nothing here uses the C library.
diff --git a/v4/src/exec.c b/v4/src/exec.c
index 7c3461a2..4530d568 100644
--- a/v4/src/exec.c
+++ b/v4/src/exec.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* exec.c -- instruction execution.  See exec.h.
  *
  * All cell arithmetic is done in v4_ucell and converted back.  Signed overflow
diff --git a/v4/src/fabric.c b/v4/src/fabric.c
index ce51e073..e785697c 100644
--- a/v4/src/fabric.c
+++ b/v4/src/fabric.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* fabric.c -- nodes, wiring, and time passing for all of them.  See fabric.h.
  *
  * Nothing here uses the C library: the bare-metal kernel links this file.
diff --git a/v4/src/guard.c b/v4/src/guard.c
index c0bad815..c6a691c5 100644
--- a/v4/src/guard.c
+++ b/v4/src/guard.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* guard.c -- 5% safety boundaries.  See guard.h. */
 #include "v4/guard.h"
 
diff --git a/v4/src/heat.c b/v4/src/heat.c
index 482ddc20..a0f7d547 100644
--- a/v4/src/heat.c
+++ b/v4/src/heat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* heat.c -- heat and anti-clock.  See heat.h. */
 #include "v4/heat.h"
 
diff --git a/v4/src/image.c b/v4/src/image.c
index 35352aa7..8c885f88 100644
--- a/v4/src/image.c
+++ b/v4/src/image.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* image.c -- the StarForth system, as its host knows it.  See image.h.
  *
  * Nothing here uses the C library: the bare-metal kernel links this file.
diff --git a/v4/src/iword.c b/v4/src/iword.c
index 5f2b0a72..a497bafd 100644
--- a/v4/src/iword.c
+++ b/v4/src/iword.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* iword.c -- instruction-word decode.  See iword.h for the layout. */
 #include "v4/iword.h"
 
diff --git a/v4/src/manage.c b/v4/src/manage.c
index 17438836..4b8a79a9 100644
--- a/v4/src/manage.c
+++ b/v4/src/manage.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* manage.c -- what a node asks of whoever holds the fabric.  See manage.h.
  *
  * Nothing here uses the C library: the bare-metal kernel links this file.
diff --git a/v4/src/message.c b/v4/src/message.c
index 8581a4df..acd05cd6 100644
--- a/v4/src/message.c
+++ b/v4/src/message.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* message.c -- a message, as it is written to a port and read from one.
  * See message.h.  Nothing here uses the C library.
  */
diff --git a/v4/src/node.c b/v4/src/node.c
index 7ae64984..9d8ec82f 100644
--- a/v4/src/node.c
+++ b/v4/src/node.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* node.c -- the v4 node.  See node.h. */
 #include "v4/node.h"
 #include <stddef.h>
diff --git a/v4/src/stack.c b/v4/src/stack.c
index 570d9579..a7b7b4b0 100644
--- a/v4/src/stack.c
+++ b/v4/src/stack.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* stack.c -- F18 circular hardware stacks.
  *
  * The two decompositions (T/S + 8-ring, R + 8-ring) are exactly equivalent to
diff --git a/v4/src/testcode.c b/v4/src/testcode.c
index 460fdd88..d54e1afb 100644
--- a/v4/src/testcode.c
+++ b/v4/src/testcode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* testcode.c -- run a word on a node, for tests.  See testcode.h. */
 #include "v4/testcode.h"
 
diff --git a/v4/src/text.c b/v4/src/text.c
index 865c454a..de2246c3 100644
--- a/v4/src/text.c
+++ b/v4/src/text.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* text.c -- assemble definitions written as text.  See text.h. */
 #include "v4/text.h"
 #include <errno.h>
diff --git a/v4/src/umul.c b/v4/src/umul.c
index 7acef151..4197b10a 100644
--- a/v4/src/umul.c
+++ b/v4/src/umul.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* umul.c -- reference unsigned multiply.  See umul.h.
  *
  * Schoolbook multiplication on half-cells, in v4_ucell only.  No wider type is
diff --git a/v4/src/wire.c b/v4/src/wire.c
index 582f99bb..32e5f060 100644
--- a/v4/src/wire.c
+++ b/v4/src/wire.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* wire.c -- a queue of whole messages.  See wire.h.
  *
  * Nothing here uses the C library: the bare-metal kernel links this file.
diff --git a/v4/system/blocks.c b/v4/system/blocks.c
index e79045c0..205b1be3 100644
--- a/v4/system/blocks.c
+++ b/v4/system/blocks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* blocks.c -- the kernel serves a node's block requests.  See blocks.h.
  *
  * This is the one file of v4's that includes v3's headers: every block goes
diff --git a/v4/system/boot.c b/v4/system/boot.c
index c5559d16..5b2caaba 100644
--- a/v4/system/boot.c
+++ b/v4/system/boot.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* boot.c -- the machine's ROM assembles the system, then its capsules, then
  * the prompt.  See boot.h.
  *
diff --git a/v4/system/post.c b/v4/system/post.c
index f1c2c72d..8c2eb969 100644
--- a/v4/system/post.c
+++ b/v4/system/post.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* post.c -- POST's runner: the kernel feeds a case to the node and judges it
  * from outside.  See post.h; docs/v4.0.0/NUCLEUS.md section 6.3.
  *
diff --git a/v4/tests/host_map.h b/v4/tests/host_map.h
index d379981f..e741977e 100644
--- a/v4/tests/host_map.h
+++ b/v4/tests/host_map.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* host_map.h -- the memory map the host-node tests give the compiler capsule,
  * and the loader that assembles it.
  *
diff --git a/v4/tests/post_cases_fail.c b/v4/tests/post_cases_fail.c
index ecad42cc..ec4459e0 100644
--- a/v4/tests/post_cases_fail.c
+++ b/v4/tests/post_cases_fail.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* post_cases_fail.c -- a table of cases for the boot to fail on.
  * docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md step 6b, acceptance 4; v4/Makefile, hosted-check.
  *
diff --git a/v4/tests/rom_asm_cases.h b/v4/tests/rom_asm_cases.h
index bd380552..cfbb8e5e 100644
--- a/v4/tests/rom_asm_cases.h
+++ b/v4/tests/rom_asm_cases.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* rom_asm_cases.h -- the texts of v4/tests/test_text.c, accepted and refused, that the ROM's language has
  * (no header and no flags).  Extracted once from test_text.c; each is given to text.c and to the ROM, and
  * test_host_rom_asm.c requires the same outcome. */
diff --git a/v4/tests/rom_harness.h b/v4/tests/rom_harness.h
index 93bdf675..00e086ca 100644
--- a/v4/tests/rom_harness.h
+++ b/v4/tests/rom_harness.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* rom_harness.h -- run the ROM's routines on a host node, for tests.
  *
  * The ROM (capsules/v4/rom, built by tools/mkrom.c into $(BINDIR)/rom-<w>.c)
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_asm.c b/v4/tests/test_asm.c
index b4d847f3..cfb86ca8 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_asm.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_asm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_asm.c -- the slot packer lays words out as asm.h says it does. */
 #include "v4/asm.h"
 #include "v4/testcode.h"
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_cells.c b/v4/tests/test_cells.c
index f052fcab..e7d0976e 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_cells.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_cells.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_cells.c -- the small single-cell words, executed.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md 4 and 5.1 - 5.5: the stack, return-stack, memory,
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_console.c b/v4/tests/test_console.c
index 652d0656..e4c99a19 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_console.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_console.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_console.c -- the console registers of the single-node model (node.h):
  * CONSOLE-TX, which captures what is printed, and CONSOLE-RX and
  * CONSOLE-STATUS, which hand out characters the test feeds.
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_exec.c b/v4/tests/test_exec.c
index a8e32f93..ab05af2a 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_exec.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_exec.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_exec.c -- every opcode of DECOMPOSITION.md section 1.3, and the slot
  * sequencing of section 1.2.
  *
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_fabric.c b/v4/tests/test_fabric.c
index ebb9cd07..6dc665c1 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_fabric.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_fabric.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_fabric.c -- nodes that talk: ports that block on a read as well as a
  * write, a node born empty that executes what arrives at its port, and the
  * fabric of nodes and wiring that changes while they run.
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_foundation.c b/v4/tests/test_foundation.c
index 25440262..2a5238a5 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_foundation.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_foundation.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_foundation.c -- the first DECOMPOSITION.md definitions, executed.
  *
  * Section 4 says of its colon definitions that each "has been traced by hand,
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_guard.c b/v4/tests/test_guard.c
index c7068c6a..42b610ba 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_guard.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_guard.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_guard.c -- the 5% safety boundary.
  *
  * A guard band whose only assertion is "the patterns still look right" has not
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_heat.c b/v4/tests/test_heat.c
index 914934df..f5491b40 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_heat.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_heat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_heat.c -- heat and anti-clock. */
 #include "v4/heat.h"
 #include <stdint.h>
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_blocks.c b/v4/tests/test_host_blocks.c
index 2f6f8932..b941067b 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_blocks.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_blocks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_blocks.c -- the kernel serves a node's block requests.
  * docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md sections 8.2 and 8.3.
  *
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_codegen.c b/v4/tests/test_host_codegen.c
index 86d1a677..ab655b92 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_codegen.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_codegen.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_codegen.c -- the code generator, executed on the host node.
  *
  * capsules/v4/sys/codegen.f18 packs opcodes, literals and branches into instruction
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_compile.c b/v4/tests/test_host_compile.c
index 352018f8..4c477972 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_compile.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_compile.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_compile.c -- the defining and compiling words, executed on the
  * host node.
  *
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_depth.c b/v4/tests/test_host_depth.c
index 0771c7ac..3f8a6e05 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_depth.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_depth.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_depth.c -- every message path of a node on a mesh, at every
  * depth of both stacks.  docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md 7d.7, acceptance 7; 7c.6.
  *
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_dict.c b/v4/tests/test_host_dict.c
index c3a55cdb..da8c10f2 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_dict.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_dict.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_dict.c -- the dictionary, executed on the host node.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md 5.12 and 5.13: HERE ALIGN ALLOT , C, 2, PAD LATEST, FIND
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_input.c b/v4/tests/test_host_input.c
index 596fb705..076840b0 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_input.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_input.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_input.c -- reading a line and splitting it into words and
  * numbers, executed on the host node.
  *
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_mesh.c b/v4/tests/test_host_mesh.c
index 34d2d95f..2a8a33bc 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_mesh.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_mesh.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_mesh.c -- StarForth nodes that talk: a console wired to one
  * node, and two more in a row behind it.  docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md sections 6
  * and 7, steps 3 and 4.
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_node.c b/v4/tests/test_host_node.c
index aa5e43a0..843d8114 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_node.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_node.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_node.c -- the host node's size, and the text assembler on it.
  *
  * Tests named test_host_*.c are built with V4_NODE_WORDS = 16384 (Makefile):
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_quit.c b/v4/tests/test_host_quit.c
index 8e3817d9..4e97c003 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_quit.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_quit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_quit.c -- the prompt, executed on the host node.
  *
  * capsules/v4/sys/quit.f18 on top of the earlier layers: QUIT, ABORT, ABORT" and ." .
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_asm.c b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_asm.c
index 5fc67239..08a63479 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_asm.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_asm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_rom_asm.c -- the ROM assembles text exactly as v4/src/text.c does.
  *
  * Plan Tasks 6 and 7.  The ROM is started at its entry (12) and fed a text
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_in.c b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_in.c
index 3573cee1..442c43e6 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_in.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_in.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_rom_in.c -- the ROM's input: characters from the console, and tokens.
  *
  * docs/v4.0.0/plans/2026-10-15-machine-step1-rom.md Task 2.  The ROM reads
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_math.c b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_math.c
index cda4745c..12aeb8e7 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_math.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_math.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_rom_math.c -- the ROMs' shared math (docs/v4.0.0/MACHINE.md 2.2).
  *
  * Both ROMs begin with the same six entries (v4/include/v4/rom_entries.h):
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_nucleus.c b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_nucleus.c
index bcaa0e6d..a374fd16 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_nucleus.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_nucleus.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_rom_nucleus.c -- the proof: the ROM assembles the system as text.c does, word for word.
  *
  * Plan Task 8 and 9; MACHINE.md section 6, step 1.  The system's source is
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_num.c b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_num.c
index 1f28d888..3b937e66 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_num.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_num.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_rom_num.c -- the ROM reads numbers as v4/src/text.c does.
  *
  * Plan Task 3.  (NUMBER) ( -- n flag ) looks at the token (TOKEN) read: flag
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_pack.c b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_pack.c
index 1ff204a8..aaf58384 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_pack.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_pack.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_rom_pack.c -- the ROM's slot packer, word for word with asm.c.
  *
  * Plan Task 5.  (OP) ( op -- ), (LIT) ( v -- ), (BRANCH) ( op target -- ),
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_range.c b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_range.c
index 83e10ec2..dbb0fdc6 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_range.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_range.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_rom_range.c -- the ROM is the machine's: read and run, never written.
  *
  * docs/v4.0.0/MACHINE.md section 2, DATASHEET-F18.md section 5.  The ROM is a
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_sym.c b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_sym.c
index afff22db..77d0f4d6 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_rom_sym.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_rom_sym.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_rom_sym.c -- the ROM's symbol table.
  *
  * Plan Task 4.  (DEFINE) ( value kind -- ) gives the token (TOKEN) read a
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_host_unit.c b/v4/tests/test_host_unit.c
index 5378f541..f09dc000 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_host_unit.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_host_unit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_host_unit.c -- five nodes come up from nothing.
  * docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md section 9, step 5; acceptance 1 and 2.
  *
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_iword.c b/v4/tests/test_iword.c
index 7e87add7..6e458e20 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_iword.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_iword.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_iword.c -- the instruction-word format.
  *
  * The properties pinned here are the ones the rest of the machine is built on
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_loops.c b/v4/tests/test_loops.c
index 45aa47ce..409a3363 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_loops.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_loops.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_loops.c -- the DO loop runtimes, executed.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md 5.18: (DO) (?DO) (LOOP) (+LOOP) (LEAVE) I J UNLOOP and
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_manage.c b/v4/tests/test_manage.c
index 6170aef3..bcbf2e9d 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_manage.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_manage.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_manage.c -- the kernel's side of births (docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md 9a.4):
  * the registry of live nodes, and who may ask what.  At the level of C: a
  * request's arguments are put on the asking node's stack and the request is
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_node.c b/v4/tests/test_node.c
index 72f70d58..9dca62c2 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_node.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_node.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_node.c -- the node: registers, memory, and the boundary on memory.
  *
  * The memory boundary does a job the stack boundaries do not: it is the landing
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_numout.c b/v4/tests/test_numout.c
index f6cd0cd9..4f134aa2 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_numout.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_numout.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_numout.c -- `.` `U.` `D.` `.R` `U.R` `D.R` and SPACES, executed.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md 5.8 and 5.10.  The number-printing words are pictured
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_pictured.c b/v4/tests/test_pictured.c
index 8662f9ac..24fd9736 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_pictured.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_pictured.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_pictured.c -- pictured numeric output, executed.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md 5.8 says only that `<# # #S HOLD SIGN #>` are "standard
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_port.c b/v4/tests/test_port.c
index 131d782f..ea3efb1e 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_port.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_port.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_port.c -- the node's port: a write blocks the node until its
  * neighbour has served it (node.h; DECOMPOSITION.md section 6).
  *
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_printing.c b/v4/tests/test_printing.c
index 573d2eb7..9c97b3b7 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_printing.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_printing.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_printing.c -- `?`, Q.PRINT, DUMP, and BASE DECIMAL HEX OCTAL HLD, executed.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md 5.8 and 5.26.  These are built on the number-output
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_stack.c b/v4/tests/test_stack.c
index 7295f684..e1f93891 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_stack.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_stack.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_stack.c -- the F18 circular stacks, checked against an independent
  * model of the same semantics.
  *
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_strings.c b/v4/tests/test_strings.c
index 9bb2331f..4894da39 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_strings.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_strings.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_strings.c -- the byte-string words, executed.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md 5.3 and 5.9: FILL ERASE MOVE, COUNT CMOVE CMOVE> BLANK
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_terminal.c b/v4/tests/test_terminal.c
index 1984526e..d2a376e6 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_terminal.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_terminal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_terminal.c -- EMIT, CR, SPACE, TYPE, KEY and ?TERMINAL, executed.
  *
  * DECOMPOSITION.md 5.10.  EMIT is a device service; on the single-node model
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_text.c b/v4/tests/test_text.c
index 3cb8c26e..2c64a2db 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_text.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_text.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_text.c -- the text assembler (text.h).
  *
  * Its job is to produce, from a definition written as text, the words the
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_umul.c b/v4/tests/test_umul.c
index 2cec6aa4..08b90a51 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_umul.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_umul.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_umul.c -- the reference unsigned multiply.
  *
  * v4_umul is what the capsule-level UM* is checked against, so it is checked
diff --git a/v4/tests/test_wire.c b/v4/tests/test_wire.c
index 58547fc4..49dcdfd9 100644
--- a/v4/tests/test_wire.c
+++ b/v4/tests/test_wire.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* test_wire.c -- a queue of whole messages, one way along a wire, with no
  * node and no fabric: docs/v4.0.0/MESH.md section 7d.2.
  *
diff --git a/v4/tools/depthsweep.py b/v4/tools/depthsweep.py
index f1787558..72936247 100755
--- a/v4/tools/depthsweep.py
+++ b/v4/tools/depthsweep.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """depthsweep.py -- the hosted product at every depth of both stacks.
 
     depthsweep.py <starforth4 binary> <data depth> <return depth>
diff --git a/v4/tools/hosted.c b/v4/tools/hosted.c
index 38539dbf..cd6a0451 100644
--- a/v4/tools/hosted.c
+++ b/v4/tools/hosted.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* hosted.c -- StarForth v4 as a Linux program: the golden model with its
  * ROM, which assembles the system from its source, and its capsules loaded
  * as the system comes up (v4/include/v4/boot.h, the same boot the
diff --git a/v4/tools/mkmap.c b/v4/tools/mkmap.c
index a125876d..1e8728d7 100644
--- a/v4/tools/mkmap.c
+++ b/v4/tools/mkmap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* mkmap.c -- the memory map, as constants the ROM is assembled with.
  *
  *     mkmap > rom-map-<width>.f18
diff --git a/v4/tools/mkpost.py b/v4/tools/mkpost.py
index bfa60777..025cfb27 100755
--- a/v4/tools/mkpost.py
+++ b/v4/tools/mkpost.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """mkpost.py -- write v4/system/post_cases.c from v3's POST cases.
 
     v4/tools/mkpost.py [--v3 PATH] [--report FILE]
diff --git a/v4/tools/mkrom.c b/v4/tools/mkrom.c
index 5bf0875c..54f64671 100644
--- a/v4/tools/mkrom.c
+++ b/v4/tools/mkrom.c
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
+ */
 /* mkrom.c -- build the ROM, off the node, as a bitstream is built.
  *
  *     mkrom NAME OUT.c OUT.sym MAP.f18 SOURCE.f18...
diff --git a/v4/tools/post79_rules.py b/v4/tools/post79_rules.py
index fae2ce9a..5bc12a50 100644
--- a/v4/tools/post79_rules.py
+++ b/v4/tools/post79_rules.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Starship-1.0
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2026 Robert A. James
 """post79_rules.py -- where POST does not take v3's word for it.
 
 mkpost.py takes every case from v3 and, by default, what v3 did with it.