LithosAnanake/kernel/src/hal/console.c

/*
  StarForth — Steady-State Virtual Machine Runtime

  Copyright (c) 2023–2025 Robert A. James
  All rights reserved.

  This file is part of the StarForth project.

  Licensed under the StarForth License, Version 1.0 (the "License");
  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

  You may obtain a copy of the License at:
      https://github.com/star.4th@proton.me/StarForth/LICENSE.txt

  This software is provided "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of
  merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and noninfringement.

 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.

 StarForth — Steady-State Virtual Machine Runtime
  Copyright (c) 2023–2025 Robert A. James
  All rights reserved.

  This file is part of the StarForth project.

  Licensed under the StarForth License, Version 1.0 (the "License");
  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

  You may obtain a copy of the License at:
       https://github.com/star.4th@proton.me/StarForth/LICENSE.txt

  This software is provided "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of
  merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and noninfringement.

  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.

 */

/**
 * console.c - Serial console implementation (UART 16550)
 * Supports amd64 via I/O ports
 */

#include "console.h"
#include "framebuffer.h"
#include "vt100.h"
#include "arch.h"

#include "starkernel/fdt.h"
#include "starkernel/fdt_uart.h"

/* THE SERIAL LINE.  A board has one serial line that is its console, the
 * lowest common denominator: everything printed goes out on it and what is
 * typed on it comes in, beside the screen and the keyboard where a board
 * has those.  Which line it is, is found once, by console_attach_serial():
 * on a PC, COM1 if a UART answers there; elsewhere the UART the board's
 * devicetree names as its console (fdt_uart.h), which the firmware has set
 * up; and with no devicetree at all -- QEMU under UEFI firmware -- the UART
 * of QEMU's virt machine.  Until it is found, and on a board that has none,
 * there is no line: nothing is written anywhere and nothing is read.
 *
 * Before this the addresses were QEMU's, fixed.  On a Raspberry Pi 5 the
 * aarch64 one is ordinary RAM, and on a Milk-V Mars the riscv64 one is the
 * board's UART with its registers laid out otherwise (boards/BRINGUP.md). */
enum { SERIAL_NONE = 0, SERIAL_PORT16550, SERIAL_MMIO16550, SERIAL_PL011 };

static int       g_serial_kind;      /* SERIAL_NONE until console_attach_serial() */
static uintptr_t g_serial_base;      /* register 0: an I/O port, or an address */
static unsigned  g_serial_shift;     /* register n is at base + (n << shift) */
static unsigned  g_serial_width;     /* bytes at a time, by memory: 1 or 4 */
static int       g_serial_from_dt;   /* the devicetree named it */

/* How long to wait for the line to take a character before giving the line
 * up for dead.  At 115200 a character takes 87 microseconds; this is many
 * thousand times that on any of the boards.  A console that cannot print
 * must not stop the boot. */
#define SERIAL_TX_MAX_SPIN 4000000u

/* 16550: transmit and receive are register 0, line status is register 5 */
#define UART16550_LSR         5u
#define UART16550_LSR_DR      (1u << 0)
#define UART16550_LSR_THRE    (1u << 5)
/* PL011: data is register 0, flags are register 6 (offset 0x18) */
#define PL011_FR              6u
#define PL011_FR_RXFE         (1u << 4)
#define PL011_FR_TXFF         (1u << 5)

#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)
#define COM1_PORT 0x3F8

static inline void outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t val) {
    __asm__ volatile ("outb %0, %1" : : "a"(val), "Nd"(port));
}

static inline uint8_t inb(uint16_t port) {
    uint8_t ret;
    __asm__ volatile ("inb %1, %0" : "=a"(ret) : "Nd"(port));
    return ret;
}
#endif

static uint32_t serial_reg_read(unsigned n)
{
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)
    if (g_serial_kind == SERIAL_PORT16550) return inb((uint16_t)(g_serial_base + n));
#endif
    if (g_serial_width == 4) return *(volatile uint32_t *)(g_serial_base + ((uintptr_t)n << g_serial_shift));
    return *(volatile uint8_t *)(g_serial_base + ((uintptr_t)n << g_serial_shift));
}

static void serial_reg_write(unsigned n, uint32_t v)
{
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)
    if (g_serial_kind == SERIAL_PORT16550) { outb((uint16_t)(g_serial_base + n), (uint8_t)v); return; }
#endif
    if (g_serial_width == 4) *(volatile uint32_t *)(g_serial_base + ((uintptr_t)n << g_serial_shift)) = v;
    else *(volatile uint8_t *)(g_serial_base + ((uintptr_t)n << g_serial_shift)) = (uint8_t)v;
}

static int serial_tx_ready(void)
{
    if (g_serial_kind == SERIAL_PL011) return !(serial_reg_read(PL011_FR) & PL011_FR_TXFF);
    return (serial_reg_read(UART16550_LSR) & UART16550_LSR_THRE) != 0;
}

static int serial_rx_ready(void)
{
    if (g_serial_kind == SERIAL_NONE) return 0;
    if (g_serial_kind == SERIAL_PL011) return !(serial_reg_read(PL011_FR) & PL011_FR_RXFE);
    return (serial_reg_read(UART16550_LSR) & UART16550_LSR_DR) != 0;
}

/* One character out on the line, if there is one.  A line that does not
 * come ready in SERIAL_TX_MAX_SPIN tries is given up: from then on there is
 * no line, and nothing waits on it again. */
static void serial_putc(char c)
{
    unsigned spin = 0;
    if (g_serial_kind == SERIAL_NONE) return;
    while (!serial_tx_ready()) {
        if (++spin >= SERIAL_TX_MAX_SPIN) { g_serial_kind = SERIAL_NONE; return; }
        arch_relax();
    }
    serial_reg_write(0, (uint8_t)c);
}

void console_attach_serial(const void *dtb)
{
    g_serial_kind = SERIAL_NONE;
    g_serial_from_dt = 0;
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)
    (void)dtb;
    /* COM1, if a UART answers there: its scratch register gives back what
     * was written to it.  A port no UART owns reads all ones, which would
     * otherwise look like a character waiting, for ever.  The loader makes
     * the same probe (boot/uefi_loader.c, raw_serial_init). */
    outb(COM1_PORT + 7, 0x5A);
    if (inb(COM1_PORT + 7) != 0x5A) return;
    outb(COM1_PORT + 7, 0xA5);
    if (inb(COM1_PORT + 7) != 0xA5) return;
    g_serial_base = COM1_PORT; g_serial_shift = 0; g_serial_width = 1;
    g_serial_kind = SERIAL_PORT16550;
#elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__riscv)
    {
        fdt_uart_t u;
        if (fdt_console_uart(dtb, &u)) {
            g_serial_base = (uintptr_t)u.base; g_serial_shift = u.reg_shift; g_serial_width = u.io_width;
            g_serial_kind = (u.kind == FDT_UART_PL011) ? SERIAL_PL011 : SERIAL_MMIO16550;
            g_serial_from_dt = 1;
            return;
        }
        /* A devicetree that names no console this can use: no line.  It is
         * a real board's, and QEMU's addresses are not to be tried on it. */
        if (fdt_valid(dtb)) return;
    }
    /* No devicetree at all: QEMU's virt machine under UEFI firmware, which
     * has set its UART up. */
#if defined(__aarch64__)
    g_serial_base = 0x09000000UL; g_serial_shift = 2; g_serial_width = 4;
    g_serial_kind = SERIAL_PL011;
#else
    g_serial_base = 0x10000000UL; g_serial_shift = 0; g_serial_width = 1;
    g_serial_kind = SERIAL_MMIO16550;
#endif
#else
    (void)dtb;
#endif
}

/**
 * Initialize serial console
 * x86: programs the 16550 at COM1, if console_attach_serial() found one.
 * aarch64, riscv64: the line was set up by the firmware; nothing to do.
 */
void console_init(void) {
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)
    if (g_serial_kind != SERIAL_PORT16550) return;
    outb(COM1_PORT + 1, 0x00);
    outb(COM1_PORT + 3, 0x80);
    outb(COM1_PORT + 0, 0x01);
    outb(COM1_PORT + 1, 0x00);
    outb(COM1_PORT + 3, 0x03);
    outb(COM1_PORT + 2, 0xC7);
    outb(COM1_PORT + 4, 0x0B);
    outb(COM1_PORT + 4, 0x1E);
    outb(COM1_PORT + 0, 0xAE);
    if (inb(COM1_PORT + 0) != 0xAE) {
        g_serial_kind = SERIAL_NONE;                 /* it does not loop back: not a UART to be trusted */
        return;
    }
    outb(COM1_PORT + 4, 0x0F);
#endif
}

void console_describe_serial(void)
{
    static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
    char buf[19];
    int i;
    uint64_t v = (uint64_t)g_serial_base;
    if (g_serial_kind == SERIAL_NONE) { console_println("Console: no serial line"); return; }
    buf[0] = '0'; buf[1] = 'x';
    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) buf[2 + i] = hex[(v >> (60 - 4 * i)) & 0xF];
    buf[18] = '\0';
    console_puts("Console: serial line is a ");
    console_puts(g_serial_kind == SERIAL_PL011 ? "PL011" : "16550");
    console_puts(g_serial_kind == SERIAL_PORT16550 ? " at port " : " at ");
    console_puts(buf);
    console_println(g_serial_kind == SERIAL_PORT16550 ? " (COM1, probed)" : g_serial_from_dt ? " (named by the devicetree)" : " (no devicetree: QEMU's)");
}

/* Active VM name for [Name] line prefix; NULL = no prefix.
 *
 * g_active_vm_name_buf owns the storage -- console_set_vm_name() copies
 * into it rather than storing the caller's own pointer. Found live
 * 2026-08-28 (FABRIC-2.md Phase F): mama_word_use() (USE) passes
 * entry.name, a local VMRegistryEntry's own field -- once USE returns,
 * that stack frame is reused and the old raw-pointer version left
 * g_active_vm_name dangling, corrupting every console tag after the
 * first USE (observed as garbled "[[]"/binary-looking prefixes). A
 * caller passing a string literal (e.g. console_set_vm_name("Hermes"))
 * was always safe; this fixes every caller uniformly instead of relying
 * on each one happening to pass static storage. */
#define CONSOLE_VM_NAME_BUF 64
static char        g_active_vm_name_buf[CONSOLE_VM_NAME_BUF];
static const char *g_active_vm_name = (void *)0;
static int         g_line_start     = 1;

/* Whether console text is drawn on the framebuffer as well as sent to the
 * serial line. On unless a boot turns it off: v3's console mirrors from
 * console_fb_init() on, as always; the v4 boot keeps the screen dark until
 * Zuse logs in ("splash only, log on serial", docs/v4.0.0/STICK.md 2). */
static int         g_fb_mirror      = 1;

static int fb_mirrored(void) { return g_fb_mirror && fb_is_available(); }

void console_fb_mirror(int on) { g_fb_mirror = on ? 1 : 0; }

void console_fb_clear(void)
{
    if (fb_is_available()) vt100_puts("\x1b[2J\x1b[H");
}
static uint64_t g_console_tx_count; /* monotonic console_putc() counter (BSS) */

void console_set_vm_name(const char *name) {
    /* Empty string treated the same as NULL: console_save_vm_name()
     * writes "" for "there was no active name," so this keeps that
     * round-trip correct (save-empty then restore-empty must mean
     * "still no prefix," not "prefix is now the empty string"). */
    if (!name || !name[0]) { g_active_vm_name = (void *)0; return; }
    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < CONSOLE_VM_NAME_BUF - 1u && name[i]; i++)
        g_active_vm_name_buf[i] = name[i];
    g_active_vm_name_buf[i] = '\0';
    g_active_vm_name = g_active_vm_name_buf;
}

const char *console_get_vm_name(void) {
    return g_active_vm_name;
}

/* FABRIC-3.md SXXV follow-up: see console.h's own doc comment on
 * console_set_user_prefix_provider() for why this is a registered
 * callback rather than console.c calling into capsule/WIREBIND logic
 * directly. NULL (the default, until repl.c registers one at boot) means
 * "no provider yet" -- emit_prefix() falls back to the bare "[VMName] "
 * form, identical to today's behavior. */
static console_user_prefix_fn g_user_prefix_fn = (void *)0;

void console_set_user_prefix_provider(console_user_prefix_fn fn) {
    g_user_prefix_fn = fn;
}

void console_save_vm_name(char *out, size_t cap) {
    if (!out || cap == 0) return;
    size_t i = 0;
    if (g_active_vm_name) {
        for (; i < cap - 1u && g_active_vm_name[i]; i++)
            out[i] = g_active_vm_name[i];
    }
    out[i] = '\0';
}

/* Raw single-character write — no prefix logic, called by emit_prefix() */
static void raw_putc(char c) {
    if (c == '\n') serial_putc('\r');
    serial_putc(c);
}

/* Emit "[VMName] " to both serial (raw_putc) and, when available, the
 * framebuffer (vt100_putc) -- mirrors console_putc()'s own serial/framebuffer
 * split so the prefix reaches both outputs, not serial only. No recursion
 * into console_putc itself (would re-trigger the line-start prefix check). */
/* FABRIC-0.md 4.4: the bracketed VM name (brackets included) renders in
 * standard web orange, 0xFFA500 -- not in the classic 16-color ANSI
 * palette, so sent as a literal 24-bit SGR sequence rather than a palette
 * index. Same dual serial+framebuffer send pattern as the rest of this
 * function. */
static void emit_prefix(void) {
    const char *p;
    int fb = fb_mirrored();
    static const char *color_on  = "\x1b[38;2;255;165;0m";
    static const char *color_off = "\x1b[39m";
    const char *user = g_user_prefix_fn ? g_user_prefix_fn() : (void *)0;

    for (p = color_on; *p; p++) { raw_putc(*p); if (fb) vt100_putc(*p); }
    raw_putc('[');
    if (fb) vt100_putc('[');
    if (user && user[0]) {
        for (p = user; *p; p++) {
            raw_putc(*p);
            if (fb) vt100_putc(*p);
        }
        raw_putc('@');
        if (fb) vt100_putc('@');
    }
    for (p = g_active_vm_name; *p; p++) {
        raw_putc(*p);
        if (fb) vt100_putc(*p);
    }
    raw_putc(']');
    if (fb) vt100_putc(']');
    for (p = color_off; *p; p++) { raw_putc(*p); if (fb) vt100_putc(*p); }
    raw_putc(' ');
    if (fb) vt100_putc(' ');
}

/**
 * Write a single character to serial console.
 * Emits "[VMName] " at the start of each new line when a VM name is set.
 * Also mirrors output to the framebuffer VT100 terminal when available.
 * Serial output is ALWAYS active regardless of framebuffer state.
 *
 * console_putc_inner(): the same body minus the tx-counter increment --
 * used internally for the newline console_putc() itself realizes out of
 * g_pending_line_close below (see console_ensure_line_start()), so that
 * one real character write emits at most one counted "start" (the '\n'
 * plus the character together read as a single unit of real output, not
 * two, to console_tx_count()'s callers).
 */
static void console_putc_inner(char c);

/* FABRIC-2.md §I.9 fix, 2026-09-05: set by console_ensure_line_start(),
 * cleared either by console_cancel_deferred_line_start() (no output
 * followed -- drop the newline silently) or here in console_putc() (real
 * output followed -- realize it for real, counted, immediately before the
 * character that triggered it). See console.h's doc comments on both
 * functions for the full rationale; the short version is that the old
 * unconditional-and-immediate version of this newline fired every idle
 * heartbeat regardless of whether anything was actually about to be
 * printed, visibly snapping a bare REPL prompt to a fresh blank line on
 * its own. */
static int g_pending_line_close = 0;

void console_putc(char c) {
    if (g_pending_line_close) {
        g_pending_line_close = 0;
        g_console_tx_count++;
        console_putc_inner('\n');
    }
    g_console_tx_count++;
    console_putc_inner(c);
}

static void console_putc_inner(char c)
{
    /* --- serial UART path (always on) --- */
    if (g_active_vm_name && g_line_start && c != '\n') {
        emit_prefix();
        g_line_start = 0;
    }
    raw_putc(c);
    if (c == '\n') {
        g_line_start = 1;
    }

    /* --- framebuffer VT100 path (when available, and mirrored) --- */
    if (fb_mirrored()) {
        if (c == '\n') vt100_putc('\r');
        vt100_putc(c);
    }
}

/**
 * Write a null-terminated string to serial console
 */
void console_puts(const char *s) {
    if (!s) return;

    while (*s) {
        console_putc(*s++);
    }
}

uint64_t console_tx_count(void)
{
    return g_console_tx_count;
}

void console_ensure_line_start(void)
{
    if (!g_line_start)
    {
        g_pending_line_close = 1;
    }
}

void console_cancel_deferred_line_start(void)
{
    g_pending_line_close = 0;
}

/**
 * Write a string with newline to serial console
 */
void console_println(const char *s) {
    console_puts(s);
    console_putc('\n');
}

/**
 * Check if data is available to read
 */
int console_poll(void) {
    return serial_rx_ready();
}

/**
 * Initialize the framebuffer VT100 terminal and attach it to the console.
 * Safe to call with info == NULL or when the framebuffer base is zero (no-op).
 * After this call every console_putc / console_puts output is mirrored to
 * the screen; the serial UART continues to function concurrently.
 */
void console_fb_init(const FramebufferInfo *info, FbPixelFormat fmt)
{
    if (!info || !info->base) return;
    fb_init(info, fmt);
    if (fb_is_available()) {
        vt100_init();
    }
}

void console_fb_enable_ttf(void)
{
    if (fb_is_available()) {
        vt100_enable_ttf();
    }
}

void console_fb_scroll_back(uint32_t n)
{
    if (fb_is_available()) {
        vt100_scroll_back(n);
    }
}

void console_fb_scroll_fwd(uint32_t n)
{
    if (fb_is_available()) {
        vt100_scroll_fwd(n);
    }
}

void console_fb_toggle_graphics(void)
{
    if (fb_is_available()) {
        vt100_toggle_graphics();
    }
}

void console_fb_draw_cursor(void)
{
    if (fb_mirrored()) {
        vt100_draw_cursor();
    }
}

void console_fb_erase_cursor(void)
{
    if (fb_mirrored()) {
        vt100_erase_cursor();
    }
}

/**
 * Read a single character from serial console (non-blocking)
 * Returns -1 if no character available
 */
int console_getc(void) {
    if (!serial_rx_ready()) return -1;
    return (int)(serial_reg_read(0) & 0xFF);
}